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171.
W L Williams 《Journal of homosexuality》1985,11(3-4):191-200
This article explores the gender non-conformity role of berdache, which ethnographers have often assumed has died out among contemporary American Indians. Ethnohistorical sources indicate intense suppression of berdaches by missionaries and government officials. The authors fieldwork in 1982 on Lakota reservations in South Dakota reveals that individuals recognized as berdaches continue to hold a social and ceremonial role. A gender-mixing status seldom talked about with outsiders (including heterosexual ethnographers) was observed. This role involves more emphasis on sexual contact with men that has been noted in recent anthropological writings. 相似文献
172.
W. E. Williams 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(2):191-203
Conclusion Long before the international climate of opinion made South Africa’s system of legalized racial discrimination untenable,
it was under attack from within. A tiny part of that struggle was waged on moral grounds by decent South Africans both white
and nonwhite. The much larger part of the war was waged not on moral grounds but on the economic battlefield where the stakes
were profit and losses. As W. H. Hutt so aptly points out, the major disadvantages of apartheid were borne by South Africa’s
nonwhite population, but the disadvantage was shared by whites as well. As such it produced widespread tensions leading to
resistance, evasion, contravention, and modi-fication of apartheid law. Often evasion and contravention of apartheid law was
led by the very people who shared the ideology of white supremacy. The final abolition of apartheid law may indeed reflect
a change in heart by South African whites but the coup de grace was, as Hutt put it, the liberating forces “released by what is variously called the ‘free market system,’ the ‘capitalist
system,’ or the ‘profit system.’” 相似文献
173.
Williams RM 《Foundation news》1992,33(1):18-25
Health care policy is the hottest of all emerging issues. Although the largest foundations have changed to meet the challenge, one question remains: should health funders advocate as well as explore solutions? 相似文献
174.
Williams BJ 《Journal of official statistics》1986,2(4):555-560
This study is concerned with technical advances that could be applied to data collection in the course of the 1990 Canadian census. Consideration is given both to the advantages and disadvantages of such changes. Topics covered include privacy, costs, and relations with users of census data. 相似文献
175.
176.
Kirstee Williams Aimee Galick Carmen Knudson‐Martin Douglas Huenergardt 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2013,39(3):285-298
Gender, culture, and power issues are intrinsic to the etiology of infidelity, but the clinical literature offers little guidance on how to work with these concerns. The Relational Justice Approach (RJA) to infidelity (Williams, Family Process, 2011, 50, 516) uniquely places gender and power issues at the heart of clinical change; however, this approach has not been systematically studied. Therefore a qualitative task analysis was utilized to understand how change occurs in RJA. The findings indicated four necessary tasks: (a) creating an equitable foundation for healing, (b) creating space for alternate gender discourse, (c) pursuing relational responsibility of powerful partner, and (d) new experience of mutual support. Therapists' attention to power dynamics that organize couple relationships, leadership in intervening in power processes, and socio‐cultural attunement to gender discourses were foundational to this work. These findings help clarify the processes by which mutual healing from the trauma of infidelity may occur and offer empirically based actions that therapists can take to facilitate mutual support. 相似文献
177.
178.
In the evaluation of chemical compounds for carcinogenic risk, regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and National Toxicology Program (NTP) have traditionally fit a dose-response model to data from rodent bioassays, and then used the fitted model to estimate a Virtually Safe Dose or the dose corresponding to a very small increase (usually 10(-6)) in risk over background. Much recent interest has been directed at incorporating additional scientific information regarding the properties of the specific chemical under investigation into the risk assessment process, including biological mechanisms of cancer induction, metabolic pathways, and chemical structure and activity. Despite the fact that regulatory agencies are currently poised to allow use of nonlinear dose-response models based on the concept of an underlying threshold for nongenotoxic chemicals, there have been few attempts to investigate the overall relationship between the shape of dose-response curves and mutagenicity. Using data from an historical database of NTP cancer bioassays, the authors conducted a repeated-measures Analysis of the estimated shape from fitting extended Weibull dose-response curves. It was concluded that genotoxic chemicals have dose-response curves that are closer to linear than those for nongenotoxic chemicals, though on average, both types of compounds have dose-response curves that are convex and the effect of genotoxicity is small. 相似文献
179.
180.
Using the method of centre stage diagramming, this 3-year [2007–2009] longitudinal study reports a single case study of Ben and Mary that maps the onset of Alzheimer's disease within Ben's late-stage Parkinson's disease and the impact, adjustment and meaning that this had for the couple. It is believed that that this is the first time that such a transition has been documented within a qualitative research design. The importance of Ben and Mary obtaining a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is reported as the diagnosis helped to locate the meaning of Ben's memory and behavioural changes within a ‘dementia’ context, rather than as an extension of late-onset Parkinson's disease as was originally considered by the couple. Ben and Mary's search for stability within their life once the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was made is also shared. The couple was recruited from the caseload of a Parkinson's disease nurse specialist in North Wales and the couple was visited five times over the duration of the study. All interviews were conducted in Ben and Mary's own home and with their full involvement in the development and reporting of each centre stage diagram. Policy and practice implications are also considered. 相似文献