中国特色社会主义法律体系:结构、特色和趋势(英文)

中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成为研究中国法律体系的结构、特色和发展趋势奠定了现实基础。可以规范性法律文件的归属和法律规范的性质两个向度作为研究法律体系的框架。前者的目的在于描述中国立法的现状，后者旨在分析不同性质的法律规范在各个法律部门的分布。改革开放以来，由于市场经济、民主政治、和谐社会、生态文明、法制建设和全球化的影响，使各类法律规范在不同法律部门中的分布发生有意义的变化，这种变化一方面反映世界各国法律体系发展的共性，另一方面又有鲜明的中国特色。     

论专利侵权认定中等同原则的作用

专利制度是专利权人以公开其技术秘密为代价来换取国家保障其在一定期限内对该技术垄断占有的规则体系.建立专利制度的根本目的是为了保护专利权人的合法权益,激励技术创新,并在此基础上通过公开专利技术方案促进社会科学技术进步.然而形形色色的专利侵权行为却阻碍着该目的的实现.现从利益平衡与激励创新两个角度,通过价值分析表明等同原则在专利侵权认定中具有的重要作用.     

高校我推行全员聘任制的制约因素及思考

高校人事制度改革中推行全员聘任制是一项重大的举措。本文从观念、分配、考核等几方面对高校推行全员聘任制进行了必要的思考。     

Determinants of the Safety Performance of Private Multi-storey Residential Buildings in Hong Kong

Given the high population and development density in Hong Kong, building failures can result in catastrophic consequences. It is thus worthwhile identifying those dilapidated buildings, and this explains why the Hong Kong government has considered launching a mandatory building inspection scheme in the city. Apart from the measurement of building safeness, however, it is equally important to explore the major determinants of the safety performance of buildings. Such information can help the government and other related organizations to rationalize their subsidies offered for building improvement and to make more informed strategies of urban regeneration in Hong Kong. To this end, the safety performance of 429 private multi-storey residential buildings was measured in this study using the Building Safety and Conditions Index developed by The University of Hong Kong. It was then followed by an explanatory analysis which found that older buildings were less safe than large, modern buildings. More importantly, the co-existence of a property management agent and a statutory owners’ association delivered the best building safety performance, and in this respect was the optimum building management regime for private multi-storey buildings in Hong Kong. These findings pose significant policy implications for building safety and urban regeneration in Hong Kong.     

Factors associated with the preventive healthcare service use among older adults in Korea: Focusing on age variation

The importance of preventive health examinations for older adults has been well emphasized due to an increase in chronic diseases associated with age. In this study, we estimated the preventive health examination participation rate and its associated factors among the elderly with specific focuses on the moderating effects between age and socioeconomic status. We used data drawn from the first to sixth waves (4164 people) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging for the elderly aged 65 and over. A generalized linear model was used to address research questions. The results showed that the participation rate decreased as older adults age. The interaction between age and education was also significant, indicating that older adults with higher education were more likely to use a preventive health examination compared to those with lower education. There were no significant interaction effects between income and age. Based on the findings, implications for theory and practice were discussed with specific focuses on age‐specific approaches in preventive healthcare services for older adults.     

From passive assistance to capacity building: assessing the Child Development Fund in Hong Kong

Poverty was not a major issue in Hong Kong before the 1990s. After the Asian financial crisis, the government admitted that poverty was growing and demanded attention. While passive assistance was maintained, increasing emphasis was placed on capacity building to promote self-reliance. The Child Development Fund was introduced to combat intergenerational poverty by developing children's capacity and assets, especially through mentorship. On the basis of published data and interviews with social workers, the project should be considered a success, but it was not without problems. The contribution of social workers to the project was significant but received little government recognition.     

Causal Attributions of Dementia Among Korean American Immigrants

To better understand conceptualizations of dementia, this study explored causal attributions of dementia among 209 Korean Americans, using a self-administered questionnaire in Korean. Findings show that Korean Americans endorsed various causal attributions. Factor analysis yielded 3 dimensions of their attributions including psychological, physical/environmental, and cognitive/social. Bivariate analyses showed that younger age and higher education were related to more physical/environmental attributions, and younger age was related to more cognitive/social attributions. The study provides an understanding of causal attributions of dementia that practitioners need to understand to provide culturally competent practice and highlights a need to customize public education messages by specific ethnic groups.     

Effective Responses to Offenders with Intellectual Disabilities: Generalist and Specialist Services Working Together

Abstract

Despite policies of deinstitutionalisation, many people with intellectual disabilities in developed western countries continue to live in mainstream institutional settings, such as correctional facilities, rather than in the community with support from disability services. This paper reports on the life stories of 10 people with intellectual disabilities, who had been imprisoned in adult correctional facilities in Queensland. The pathways taken by these 10 people into and out of prison are marked by significant abuse, neglect, and poverty. Significant disparity and disconnection is also displayed between the policies and service approaches, particularly between the disability, mental health, and correctional systems in Queensland. Based on these findings, a framework for practice, which spans both generic and specialist services, is suggested.     

Production quantity allocation for order fulfilment in the supply chain: a neural network based approach

In the current global business environment, it is very important to know how to allocate products from the producer to buyers (or distributors). If products are not appropriately distributed due to absence of an effective allocation policy, the producer and buyers cannot expect to increase customer satisfaction and financial profit. Sometimes some buyers can order more than the actual demand due to inappropriately forecasting customer orders. This is the big obstacle to the effective allocation of products. If the producer can become aware of buyers’ actual demands, it is possible to realise high-level order fulfilment through the effective allocation of products. In this study, new allocation policies are proposed considering buyers’ demands. The back propagation algorithm, one of the learning algorithms in neural network theory, is used to recognise actual demands from the previous buyers’ orders. After excluding surplus demands included in buyers’ demands, products are allocated to buyers according to one of the existing allocation policies depending on the company's decision. In the numerical examples, new allocation policies reducing buyers’ surplus demands outperform previous allocation policies with respect to average amount of backorder.     

中西部地区新型城镇化及其推进:湖南个案

中西部地区新型城镇化是我国推进新型城镇化战略的重点和难点。浏阳经济技术开发区在推进新型工业化过程中,实施了低成本战略,以"绝对成本优势"确定产业定位,以"比较成本优势"招商引资,以"低风险成本"助推产业扩张。在推进城镇化时,浏阳经济技术开发区从降低交易成本切入,亦实施了低成本战略。浏阳经济技术开发区的城镇化路径,为中西部地区城镇化提供了如下启示:城镇化发展要以工业化为依托、不可盲目造城;工业化发展必须因地制宜、立足本地优势;推动城镇化政府要有所作为,更要发挥市场决定性作用。