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141.
142.
We provide a new view on the nature of the gender wage gap (GWG) by analyzing the wage differentials within establishments.
Based on linked employer–employee data for Germany, we show that the GWGs vary tremendously across establishments, even if
we assume that male and female employees have the same human capital characteristics within each establishment. This heterogeneity
is linked to firm and institutional characteristics: For instance, firms with works council and those covered by collective
wage agreements have smaller GWGs. Furthermore, we find some evidence that firms operating under strong product market competition
behave in a more egalitarian way. 相似文献
143.
Judith Wolf 《Sociologie du Travail》2012,54(2):157-177
How does society manage the deceased? Often located in the most remote section of a hospital, forsaken by nurses, doctors, and management, even stigmatized, hospital mortuaries admit nearly one out of two deceased persons. They thus represent one of the main places receiving the dead in France. Hospital employees, morticians, funeral directors, the representatives of religions, etc., a full micro-society develops there at the borderline between medicine and funerals, a paradoxical place where hierarchies bump against each other. Fieldwork is used to describe how bodies are taken in charge inside hospital mortuaries. By emphasizing the chain of acts of collaboration in the handling of corpses, questions are raised about each person's role and the scope of this collective work. 相似文献
144.
Over 15 years, genetically modified (GM) food has gradually reached around the globe. Yet, each new development occasions
controversy, and hence, leads to interest in strategies to engage people in searching for durable public bargains. Even-handed
treatment of diverse views is crucial to good engagement processes, as is the avoidance of processes that merely reinforce
fixed views. Ideally, views develop as people engage with others’ reasoning about the merits of different policy responses.
Q methodology provides a useful strategy for eliciting views at the start of such engagement processes. It allows individuals
to present their views as whole pictures, complete with inherent ambiguities and complexities. Embodied, holistic views stem
from mutual understanding of everyday events shared among members of a society. Everyday understanding relies on common sense,
a spontaneous application of a distinct form of intelligence to some practical matter. Q methodology can contribute to engaging
the publics–science interface by showing how technologies, like GM food, intersect with people’s lives and behaviours and
by finding commonalities that may be masked in polarised debates. 相似文献
145.
We analyze a core literature of urban ecology (all articles published in Urban Ecology and Urban Ecosystems from 1975–2004, n = 261) to support a reflexive analysis of the field. We structure this critical analysis based on criteria derived from programmatic
statements made by scientific societies, research funding organizations and academic institutions regarding what urban ecology
should be. Specifically, we assess the extent to which the literature reflects, and has evolved to reflect, a commitment to
Findings indicate that the literature strongly reflects these commitments, as these three tenets usefully describe the field
and its evolution. We do, however, identify a tendency over time toward a more strictly disciplinary orientation. Ecological
science is increasingly dominant and threatens to crowd out other scientific perspectives. This trend suggests that the field
is maturing in the institutional sense, but perhaps at the cost of intellectual diversity, which many believe to be the basis
of innovative solutions. 相似文献
• | strengthen and expand the discipline of ecology |
• | create a transdisciplinary enterprise, and |
• | contribute to social and ecological wellbeing through applied research and policy engagement. |
146.
147.
Although the issue of dissociative amnesia in adult survivors of child sexual abuse has been contentious, many research studies have shown that there is a subset of child sexual abuse survivors who have forgotten their abuse and later remembered it. Child sexual abuse survivors with dissociative amnesia histories have different formative and therapeutic issues than survivors of child sexual abuse who have had continuous memory of their abuse. This article first discusses those differences in terms of the moderating risk factors for developing dissociative amnesia (e.g., age, ethnicity, gender, etc.) and then mediating risk factors (e.g., social support, trait dissociativity, etc.). The differences between the two types of survivors are then explored in terms of treatment issues. 相似文献
148.
David A. Patterson Silver Wolf Bonnie Duran Catherine N. Dulmus Amy R. Manning 《Journal Of Human Behavior In The Social Environment》2013,23(3):399-407
Alcohol use and the resulting problems associated with high-risk drinking in the American Indian/Native Alaskan (AI/NA) population are well-documented, as alcohol misuse has taken an incredible toll on many AI/NA communities. Presently, both overall health issues and alcohol use occur disproportionately within this population. This article provides an updated overview of the impact of alcohol use in the United States and within AI/NA communities specifically. It also provides recommendations for an alcohol-related screening and brief intervention instrument that social workers can begin using in their practice and can be utilized within the AI/NA community. 相似文献
149.
Urbanization processes challenge ecosystem health in many metropolitan areas. New policy and program approaches are needed to restore and sustain natural systems as public agencies and organizations face greater demands and declining budgets. Environmental stewardship is an often overlooked intervention strategy, and the full potential of civic engagement by citizens on behalf of ecosystem health is little understood. Using a coupled systems approach, integrated analysis of social and ecological footprints can lead to greater theoretical understanding and more effective programs at the landscape scale. Here we outline two pilot studies as part of an emergent research program that is investigating the extent and impact of environmental stewardship. Qualitative interviews of stewardship managers revealed multiple dimensions of motivations and purposes for stewardship, ranging from the practical to the conceptual. A regional organization census yielded a surprisingly large number of organizations that conduct stewardship, with social and ecological values being of comparable emphasis. The initial research is based in the Puget Sound area of Washington State, U.S., but results have relevance to other urban areas. Pilot study findings now guide additional research effort about motivations, organizational networks, and theory of integrated socio-ecological systems to be derived from comprehensive footprint analysis of stewardship activity. 相似文献
150.
Wolf RS 《Journal of women & aging》2001,13(4):71-83
A 1997 nationwide (US and Canada) search to identify support groups for older victims of domestic violence located 16 sponsored by domestic violence programs and 14 sponsored by aging services. Interviews with group leaders indicated more similarities than differences between the two types of sponsorship in group purpose, leadership, numbers served, content of support group sessions, and success in accomplishing goals. Resistance of elders to participate in a group experience was cited by leaders as a major barrier. Recommendations for future groups include insuring accessibility of meeting site; using a leader and co-leader, at least one of whom is older or familiar with aging issues; allocating resources for recruitment; and seeking a steady source of funding. A policy of collaboration among the state's domestic violence coalition, state unit on aging, adult protective services, and victim assistance program may help in promoting support group development and utilization. 相似文献