Harm reduction for cannabis: Factor analysis of a protective behavioral strategies survey

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of a measure of cannabis-specific Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS), which assesses ways in which students may reduce cannabis-related risk. Participants: Respondents to the American College Health Association – National College Health Assessment II (N = 580) during Spring 2015. Methods: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) were used to identify and replicate the factor structure of the measure. Results: Results support a four-factor model (Respiratory Health, Frequency/Quantity, Socializing, and General Health) with close approximate fit (Χ² (310) = 565.96, p < .001, RMSEA = .038 (.033, .043; 90% CI), CFI = .961, TLI = .929, SRMR = .033). Support for the convergent validity and construct validity of the measure was also found. Conclusions: This is the initial step in the development of a standard, psychometrically validated measure of cannabis PBS that has the potential to inform future research and interventions.     

Small Area Indices of Multiple Deprivation in South Africa

This paper presents the Provincial Indices of Multiple Deprivation that were constructed by the authors at ward level using 2001 Census data for each of South Africa’s nine provinces. The principles adopted in conceptualising the indices are described and multiple deprivation is defined as a weighted combination of discrete dimensions of deprivation. The methodological approach used is outlined and key findings are presented for one province—the Eastern Cape. The paper summarises the ways in which the research is being developed further and the potential uses of these tools for policy and research.     

李大钊对史学价值的思考

李大钊对史学价值的思考,是他史学思想中的重要内容。他以马克思主义唯物史观为指导,从史学与人生、史学与国家、史学与治学三个维度探讨了史学的价值,从而大大地拓宽了传统史学的价值。在李大钊看来,史学不仅能提高人生修养、端正人生态度、规划人生道路、领悟人生真谛,而且它还是激发爱国情感的源泉、“感奋兴起”的“救国学术”、制定革命策略的依据。同时,李大钊认为史学能训练治学者的思维和技能,而其中最主要的是能培植“与时俱进”、不断创新的思想,培养求真务实、严谨周全的学风．培育融汇古今、贯通中外的学识。回顾和探讨李大钊的史学价值观对当代弘扬党重史、读史和鉴史的优良传统和建设马克思主义学习型政党具有重要的启示意义。     

An audit of received international business corruption literature for logic,consistency, completeness of coverage

This analysis of International Business (IB) corruption literature identifies gaps and inconsistencies in how corruption is perceived or deliberated in top academic journals. The reviewed articles tend to focus on one of the three key themes of IB corruption (Contributing factors, Consequences, and Combating) and are categorised into the six sub-domains of the IB framework. The content of the articles is categorised into the respective themes and discussed in relation to underpinning theories and key constructs. The process is intended to be less a synthesis of the literature than an audit revealing that IB corruption research is weakened by tendencies to: 1) Be siloed within its subtheme and to not cross-tie to work in other key themes—this issue is very severe in the Combating theme; 2) Have a short-term focus that disregards the cumulative effects of total graft, and; 3) Asymmetrically focus (predominantly) on the supply side of corruption. These finding suggest several avenues for further research.     

A robust QTL mapping procedure

In quantitative trait linkage studies using experimental crosses, the conventional normal location-shift model or other parameterizations may be unnecessarily restrictive. We generalize the mapping problem to a genuine nonparametric setup and provide a robust estimation procedure for the situation where the underlying phenotype distributions are completely unspecified. Classical Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney statistics are employed for point and interval estimation of QTL positions and effects.     

Maternal Lifetime Trauma Exposure,Prenatal Cortisol,and Infant Negative Affectivity

Little research has examined the impact of maternal lifetime trauma exposure on infant temperament. We examined associations between maternal trauma history and infant negative affectivity and modification by prenatal cortisol exposure in a sociodemographically diverse sample of mother–infant dyads. During pregnancy, mothers completed measures of lifetime trauma exposure and current stressors. Third‐trimester cortisol output was assessed from maternal hair. When infants were 6 months old, mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire‐Revised. In analyses that controlled for infant sex and maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and stress during pregnancy, greater maternal trauma exposure was associated with increased infant distress to limitations and sadness. Higher and lower prenatal cortisol exposure modified the magnitude and direction of association between maternal trauma history and infant rate of recovery from arousal. The association between maternal trauma history and infant distress to limitations was somewhat stronger among infants exposed to higher levels of prenatal cortisol. The analyses suggested that maternal lifetime trauma exposure is associated with several domains of infant negative affectivity independently of maternal stress exposures during pregnancy and that some of these associations may be modified by prenatal cortisol exposure. The findings have implications for understanding the intergenerational impact of trauma exposure on child developmental outcomes.     

构建和谐校园必须强化大学生思想政治教育

大学生良好的思想品德和行为习惯是和谐校园的内在要求和基本特征,加强大学生思想政治教育是和谐校园建设的重要内容。少数大学生思想和行为存在许多不和谐现象,影响了和谐校园的建设。高校必须加强思想政治理论和法制教学,开展中华民族传统文化和美德教育、日常养成教育,完善学生管理制度,加强辅导员队伍建设和校园文化建设,培养大学生良好的精神品质,提高大学生综合素质,促进和谐校园建设。     

中美高校科技新闻人才培养比较研究

文章从培养目标、课程设置、招生、学位授予等方面,分析了我国重点高校科技传媒专业人才培养的现状,并从发展规模、教学体系、师资等方面与美国进行比较,着重分析了我国人才培养模式和教学体系存在的问题,从发达国家经验中得到启示和借鉴,以期对促进我国科技新闻人才培养有所裨益.     

法律语言实现法律确定性之途径探析

为了保证法律的权威性和整体性,法律的确定性历来都是法律人追求的目标.由于种种因素的影响,法律语言存在模糊性,模糊性贯穿于法律活动的整个过程,而司法结果则是不容含糊的确定性结论,因此,探析法律语言如何实现法律确定性的问题就成了一个非常重要并值得研究的问题.     

大学生生命智慧现状的调查

从生命认知、生命非认知（生命情感和生命意志）、生命行为三个维度探讨大学生在技能、学习、学校、适应、交往、择业、恋爱、健康、家庭等方面的生命智慧,并对其进行了量化的分析。结果显示,大学生生命智慧的现状从总体来看是良好的,但仍有约20%的大学生生命智慧现状不容乐观。文章提出了若干教育建议,以期为大学生自杀的研究、预防和治疗提供科学依据,并为提高大学生生命智慧水平提供参考。