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111.
A method is given for quantitatively rating the social acceptance of different options which are the matter of a preferential vote. In contrast to a previous article, here the individual votes are allowed to be incomplete, that is, they need not express a comparison between every pair of options. This includes the case where each voter gives an ordered list restricted to a subset of most preferred options. In this connection, the proposed method (except for one of the given variants) carefully distinguishes a lack of information about a given pair of options from a proper tie between them. As in the special case of complete individual votes, the proposed generalization is proved to have certain desirable properties, which include: the continuity of the rates with respect to the data, a decomposition property that characterizes certain situations opposite to a tie, the Condorcet–Smith principle, and clone consistency. 相似文献
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Xavier Irz 《Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research》2008,21(2):159-164
This article investigates the usefulness of cost–benefit analysis for the assessment of food safety policies, drawing on the experience of professional economists at the UK Food Standards Agency (FSA). After reviewing the history of Impact Assessment at the FSA, the example of the review of the over-thirty-months (OTM) rule is used to illustrate the advantages of the approach. We also highlight issues of uncertainty and intangibility, which create particular difficulties in applying cost–benefit analysis in the area of food safety. The paper concludes, however, that given the limited number of practical alternatives, cost–benefit analysis currently represents the best available approach to the assessment of food safety policies. 相似文献
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Samuel Bayomog Xavier Guyon Ccile Hardouin Jianfeng Yao 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1996,24(1):115-130
After recalling the framework of minimum-contrast estimation, its consistency and its asymptotic normality, we highlight the fact that these results do not require any stationarity or ergodicity assumptions. The asymptotic distribution of the underlying contrast difference test is a weighted sum of independent chi-square variables having one degree of freedom each. We illustrate these results in three contexts: (1) a nonhomogeneous Markov chain with likelihood contrast; (2) a Markov field with coding, pseudolikelihood or likelihood contrasts; (3) a not necessarily Gaussian time series with Whittle's contrast. In contexts (2) and (3), we compare experimentally the power of the likelihood-ratio test with those of other contrast-difference tests. 相似文献
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Angel Martínez-Pina Ph.D. José Luis Guirao de Parga M.B.A. Rafael Fusté i Vallverdú Ph.D. Xavier Serrat Planas Ph.D. Miguel Martín Mateo Víctor Moreno Aguado Ph.D. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1991,7(4):275-299
A sample of fifty-seven pathological gamblers and one hundred and fifteen controls (two per pathological gambler, matched as regards age and sex) was investigated. This sample received a complex battery of psychometric tests designed to evaluate two different axes: psychopathology and intelligence. The results obtained show that pathological gamblers have an unstable family and work background, that pathological gambling correlates with other addictions (alcohol, illness prone behavior, absenteeism, risk working, living alone and bereavement), that all the general and specific psychopathology vectors were significant in the addicts, and that the pathological gamblers' intelligence has characteristic factors.We thank Ricardo Cayuela (Line Staff, Barcelona) for his help in collecting the sample; Jordi Daura for data processing work; Mercedes Lemonier, psychologist, for her help in administering and correcting the tests; Consol Marina and Teresa Ruiz for their secretarial assistance and contact with the 172 study subjects. 相似文献
118.
Xavier D'Haultfuille Philippe Fvrier 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2015,83(3):1199-1210
We study the identification through instruments of a nonseparable function that relates a continuous outcome to a continuous endogenous variable. Using group and dynamical systems theories, we show that full identification can be achieved under strong exogeneity of the instrument and a dual monotonicity condition, even if the instrument is discrete. When identified, the model is also testable. Our results therefore highlight the identifying power of strong exogeneity when combined with monotonicity restrictions. 相似文献
119.
This article draws on interviews with 164 young beneficiaries (of) and 128 professionals in charge of lifelong learning policies in eighteen regions located in nine member states of the European Union in 2017. Drawing on the concept of ‘opportunity structures’, we analyse variations between regional institutional arrangements and interactions between professionals and young adults. Our findings suggest that the crux of lifelong learning policies is the coordination between different policy areas so that they can respond to the multidimensional challenges that young adults face during their life transitions in diverse regional contexts. 相似文献
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