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81.
Maria Paula Magalhães Tavares de Oliveira Dartiu Xavier da Silveira Simone Villas Boas de Carvalho Silvia Teresa Collakis Juliana Bizeto Maria Teresa Araujo Silva 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(4):557-568
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity and classification accuracy of the South Oaks Gambling
Screen (SOGS) in a sample of the Brazilian population. Participants in this study were drawn from three sources: 71 men and
women from the general population interviewed at a metropolitan train station; 116 men and women encountered at a bingo venue;
and 54 men and women undergoing treatment for gambling. The SOGS and a DSM-IV-based instrument were applied by trained researchers.
The internal consistency of the SOGS was 0.75 according to the Cronbach’s alpha model, and construct validity was good. A
significant difference among groups was demonstrated by ANOVA (F
(2.238) = 221.3, P < 0.001). The SOGS items and DSM-IV symptoms were highly correlated (r = 0.854, P < 0.01). The SOGS also presented satisfactory psychometric properties: sensitivity (100), specificity (74.7), positive predictive
rate (60.7), negative predictive rate (100) and misclassification rate (0.18). However, a cut-off score of eight improved
classification accuracy and reduced the rate of false positives: sensitivity (95.4), specificity (89.8), positive predictive
rate (78.5), negative predictive rate (98) and misclassification rate (0.09). Thus, the SOGS was found to be reliable and
valid in the Brazilian population. 相似文献
82.
83.
Damien Brevers Axel Cleeremans Antoine Bechara Max Greisen Charles Kornreich Paul Verbanck Xavier Noël 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(1):141-152
Impaired insight into behavior may be one of the clinical characteristics of pathological gambling. In the present study, we tested whether the capacity to evaluate accurately the quality of one’s own decisions during a non-gambling task was impaired in problem gamblers. Twenty-five problem gamblers and 25 matched healthy participants performed an artificial grammar-learning paradigm, in which the quality of choice remains uncertain throughout the task. After each trial of this task, participants had to indicate how confident they were in the grammaticality judgements using a scale ranging from 1 (low confidence) to 7 (high confidence). Results showed that (i), problem gamblers’ performance on the grammaticality test was lower than controls’; (ii) there was a significant correlation between grammaticality judgments and confidence for control participants, which indicates metacognitive insight and the presence of conscious knowledge; (iii) this correlation was not significant in problem gamblers, which suggests a disconnection between performance and confidence in this group. These findings suggest that problem gamblers are impaired in their metacognitive abilities on a non-gambling task, which suggests that compulsive gambling is associated with poor insight as a general factor. Clinical interventions tailored to improve metacognition in gambling could be a fruitful avenue of research in order to prevent pathological gambling. 相似文献
84.
85.
Most studies using microsimulation techniques have considered the effect of potential reforms on the income distribution. However, it has become increasingly recognized, both at the academic and political level, that focusing purely on income provides a limited picture of social progress. We illustrate how ex-ante policy evaluation can be performed in terms of richer concepts of individual well-being, such as subjective life satisfaction and equivalent incomes. Our analysis makes use of EUROMOD, the EU-wide tax-benefit microsimulation model, along with 2013 EU-SILC data for Sweden, which for the first time provides information on life satisfaction. Our results show that the effect of potential reforms varies widely depending on the well-being concept used in the evaluation. We discuss the normative questions that are raised by this finding. 相似文献
86.
Xavier Chojnicki Fr��d��ric Docquier Lionel Ragot 《Journal of population economics》2011,24(1):317-359
This paper examines the economic impact of the second great immigration wave (1945–2000) on the US economy. Our analysis relies
on a computable general equilibrium model combining the major interactions between immigrants and natives (labor market impact,
fiscal impact, capital deepening, endogenous education, endogenous inequality). Contrary to recent studies, we show that immigration
induced important net gains and small redistributive effects among natives. According to our simulations, the postwar US immigration
is beneficial for all natives cohorts and all skill groups. Nevertheless, the gains would have been larger if the US had conducted
a more selective immigration policy. 相似文献
87.
Xavier Irz James R. Stevenson Arnold Tanoy Portia Villarante Pierre Morissens 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2007,25(4):495-516
Recent literature is sceptical about the ability of aquaculture development to enhance equity and reduce poverty. This article investigates the issue empirically by surveying 148 households randomly selected in five coastal communities of the Philippines. There is overwhelming evidence that aquaculture benefits the poor in important ways and that it is perceived very positively by poor and non‐poor alike. In particular, the poor derive a relatively larger share of their income from it than the rich, and a lowering of the poverty line only reinforces this result. A Gini decomposition exercise also shows unambiguously that aquaculture represents an inequality‐reducing source of income, providing employment to a large number of unskilled workers in communities characterised by large labour surpluses. 相似文献
88.
This paper argues that the brunt of the transition-induced increase in Polish social protection expenditures during 1989-93 has been borne by social insurance arrangements, particularly pensions, rather than by social assistance schemes targeted to the poor or more temporary social safety net schemes. This is largely due to ease of access to social insurance and its more attractive benefit structure. Much of the recent efforts to reform social protection arrangements had an ad hoc nature and was driven by the need to alleviate looming financial distress. A major policy challenge is to avoid further burdening the social insurance system, particularly pensions, by problems that should be addressed by basic income support and emergency assistance policies or by general transfers (e.g. family allowances). Current reform needs are illustrated by using the pension system as an example. 相似文献
89.
Xavier Collilieux Emilie Lebarbier Stphane Robin 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2019,46(3):686-705
We consider the detection of changes in the mean of a set of time series. The breakpoints are allowed to be series specific, and the series are assumed to be correlated. The correlation between the series is supposed to be constant along time but is allowed to take an arbitrary form. We show that such a dependence structure can be encoded in a factor model. Thanks to this representation, the inference of the breakpoints can be achieved via dynamic programming, which remains one the most efficient algorithms. We propose a model selection procedure to determine both the number of breakpoints and the number of factors. This proposed method is implemented in the FASeg R package, which is available on the CRAN. We demonstrate the performances of our procedure through simulation experiments and present an application to geodesic data. 相似文献
90.
This study challenges the assertion that the influx of Asian international undergraduate students in universities across the United States creates richer educational and social environments. Drawing on qualitative research at a public university with a large number of Asian international students, this article examines how Asian American student leaders and their organization took on the difficult institutional task of actualizing the diversity of these new students in a racially segregated campus. We found that instead of viewing racial segregation practices as possibly tied to racial discrimination and privileges of normative whiteness, students expressed both support and resistance to Asian international students in race-neutral language of comfort and organizational differences that reflects the dominant ideology of colorblindness. We argue that any claims to the benefits of international student diversity must take serious account of colorblind racism and the experiences of racial marginalization and racial segregation among domestic minority and international students. 相似文献