论价值的本质--兼论商品价值量的决定因素

价值是马克思主义经济学的一个重要范畴,然而对价值本质的研究却一直没达到应有的深度。价值本质上是劳动资源的合理配置,是按比例分配劳动时间规律在商品经济中采取的特殊形式。深刻理解这一点,有助于对两种涵义的社会必要劳动时间在商品价值决定中的地位形成正确的认识,有利于促进社会主义市场经济体制的完善。     

日本农业贸易保护政策的问题及其改革思路评析

长期以来日本对其农业实施了严密的保护政策,不仅体现在GATT/WTO体制下的日本农业贸易保护政策上,在利用关税限制农产品进口以及保护农业的前提下参与FTA等方面也表现明显.日本对农业实施保护性贸易政策,既限制了其国民福利水平的提高,也增加了发展其他产业的成本,同时还严重影响了国内行政改革和经济结构调整的进程.为此,虽然改革具有一定的难度,日本还是对农业结构和农业贸易保护政策进行了改革和调整.     

The impossibility of unbiased judgment aggregation

Standard impossibility theorems on judgment aggregation over logically connected propositions either use a controversial systematicity condition or apply only to agendas of propositions with rich logical connections. Are there any serious impossibilities without these restrictions? We prove an impossibility theorem without requiring systematicity that applies to most standard agendas: Every judgment aggregation function (with rational inputs and outputs) satisfying a condition called unbiasedness is dictatorial (or effectively dictatorial if we remove one of the agenda conditions). Our agenda conditions are tight. When applied illustratively to (strict) preference aggregation represented in our model, the result implies that every unbiased social welfare function with universal domain is effectively dictatorial.     

The relationship between conflict events and commodity prices in Sudan

Though recent literature uncovers linkages between commodity prices and conflict, the causal direction of the relationship remains ambiguous. We attempt to contribute to this strand of research by studying the dynamic relationship of commodity prices and the onsets of conflict events in Sudan. Using monthly data ranging from January 2001 through December 2012, we identify a structural breakpoint in the multivariate time series model of prices of the three staple foods (sorghum, millet, and wheat) and conflict measure (number of conflict events) in September of 2011. Applying structural vector autoregression (SVAR) and linear non-Gaussian acyclic model (LiNGAM), we find that wheat price fluctuation is a root cause of conflict events in Sudan. We recommend several policy and programmatic suggestions structured toward production, subsidy, price regulation and support for rural farmers and consumers to stabilize commodity prices.     

An Alternative Model of the Formation of Political Coalitions

Most models of the formation of political coalitions use either Euclidean spaces or rely purely on game theory. This limits their applicability. In this article, a single model is presented which is more broadly applicable. In principle any kind of set can be used as a policy space. The model is also able to incorporate different kinds of party motivations: both rent-seeking and idealism. The model uses party preferences and power to identify stable coalitions and predict government policy as well as to indicate which member of the opposition will be able to break up the governing coalition if no stable coalition exists. In the latter case it will also indicate on which issue the government is likely to split. Parties may have preferences over issues such as the composition of cabinet and/or the governing coalition as well as the more traditional issues of government formation. The model also provides a rationale for log-rolling.     

A tractable method to measure utility and loss aversion under prospect theory

This paper provides an efficient method to measure utility under prospect theory. Our method minimizes both the number of elicitations required to measure utility and the cognitive burden for subjects, being based on the elicitation of certainty equivalents for two-outcome prospects. We applied our method in an experiment and were able to replicate the main findings on prospect theory, suggesting that our method measures what it is intended to. Our data confirmed empirically that risk seeking and concave utility can coincide under prospect theory. Utility did not depend on the probability used in the elicitation, which offers support for the validity of prospect theory.

海南岛中部地区生态建设的现状、问题与对策

本文结合海南岛中部地区的生态现状,分析其生态建设所面临的主要问题,提出发展生态特色农业与森林生态旅游业、实施生态移民政策、加强自然保护区建设等对策建议。     

基于正交投影法的企业技术创新联盟综合利益分配

文章在shapely值法、纳什谈判模型、简化的MCRS法和最小核心法等四种常用利益分配方法的基础上,将正交投影法运用于技术创新联盟的利益分配.该方法根据四种利益分配方案对联盟中各节点企业的权重系数,将四种分配方法得到的结果折中成一种综合利益分配方案.结果表明,该方法更能体现分配的“公平”和“效率”,提高联盟企业的满意度,从而促进联盟的稳定协同发展.     

人力资源管理外包的动因分析

进入21世纪，随着知识经济一体化，人力资源管理对于企业的发展越来越具有战略意义。有效的人力资源管理被认为是企业赢得竞争优势的重要手段之一。而在我国，不少中小型企业，尤其是中小型民营企业，由于规模的限制，没有设置人力资源部门；即使有，也没有系统的人事制度，不能为员工提供完备的福利待遇和培训机会，更没有战略性人力资源规划。因而造成优秀员工招聘困难、关键人员流失严重、员工满意度低等问题，这些都成为制约中小型企业顺利发展的“瓶颈”。     

The Process of Personal Transformation for Adolescents Practicing Mindfulness Skills in an Alternative School Setting

This qualitative study examined the experiences of alternative school students as they participated in a mindfulness skills program. A 7-month school-based mindfulness skills program was integrated into the Grade 10 curriculum for high school students (N = 19; 10 boys and 9 girls, ages 15–17). Students engaged in mindfulness practices twice weekly during class time. Students practiced breath awareness, and seated, walking, and lying mindfulness meditation during the course of the program. Students completed initial and final questionnaires about their experiences as well as written journal entries based on their experiences in the program. At the completion of the program, 14 of the 19 program completers were interviewed (6 boys and 8 girls). Data analysis yielded two broad areas of perceived benefits of participation in the mindfulness skills program: intrapersonal benefits and interpersonal benefits. Intrapersonal benefits included themes of self-awareness and self-regulation (including cognition, emotions, and behavior). Interpersonal benefits included themes of building relationships (with peers, family members, and teachers) and learning to trust. These findings may be useful when planning school-based mindfulness programs and may serve as a guide for researchers studying mindfulness practices for youth.