资本理性配置与社会企业债券融资

本文聚焦社会企业融资瓶颈及其拓宽机制问题分析,首先从资本供给角度,阐述资本通过投资组合实现资本优化配置的原理,探析欧美国家的资本如何通过对社会企业投资、实现资本配置的优化原则;其次从资本需求角度,解析社会企业上市债券融资的内在条件及其准备;然后分析了社会企业债券融资对资本供给方的投资选择、对需求方的能力发展、对政府和社会机构参与的多重意义;最后研探了社会企业债券融资的制度环境营造及其政策.本文研究表明,社会企业债券融资是关于以社会企业为载体进行项目投融资的系列性制度安排,建立社会企业上市债券融资机制需要系列的制度创新,以营造成长环境.     

Racial Glass Ceilings,Gendered Responses: Taiwanese American Professionals’ Experiences of Otherness

This article examines Taiwanese American professionals’ interpretations of the glass ceiling to illuminate the manifestations of structural inequality at the micro-level of social life. Data are based on 40 in-depth interviews in the Chicago metropolitan area. Findings suggest that racial inequalities are experienced through race relations. Ethnic cultures construct relational fences along racial lines that designate the place of each group in the racial hierarchy. Although frustrated and alienated by their marginalized position, women and men use different strategies to negotiate the meaning of being an “other.” Women act confrontationally to transgress social boundaries, while men adopt acquiescent and coalitional approaches to dwell in their designated territories. I argue that race intersects with gender and citizenship in shaping the salience of individuals’ social identities, which affects their responses to racial inequality in the white-collar workplace.     

江苏基本实现现代化的特色、动力机制与途径

对浙江、广东、江苏三省基本实现现代化战略的内容和做法进行初步对比分析,突现江苏基本实现现代化的时代特色——关注民生;进一步分析江苏基本实现现代化的动力机制,讨论江苏基本实现现代化的实现途径,为江苏率先基本实现现代化出谋划策。     

政府能力建设与公共服务的治理变革

中国的公共服务市场化改革虽然取得了一些进展,但也出现了许多问题,尤其是医疗、教育和住房的高费用引发了公众的高度关注。因此,一些学者主张放弃市场化改革取向,强化政府的责任,重建公立机构在公共服务中的主导性,甚至恢复计划经济体制的种种制度安排。这种意见忽视了现代公共管理的一项基本经验,即政府完全可以以多种不同的角色参与或干预公共服务。放弃市场化和推崇市场化的意见虽然在方向上大相径庭,但是在混淆政府行动范围与政府能力强度上如出一辙。推进公共服务治理变革的可行之道,乃是缩小政府行动的范围但同时强化政府的制度能力,从而形成一个高效的“服务型政府”与一个生机勃勃的市场同时并存的双赢局面。     

Survey on sex ratio of the children from one-child families in Shihezi in the Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region]

A survey of 1 child families in the Shihezi area showed a higher ratio of boys, 920 boys vs. 822 girls (1.12:1.00). There was also a higher ratio of boys among children born between 1975-1980, but the proportion of girls was higher among children born before 1974. The ratio of boys was higher among firstborn children born between 1976-1980 (1.086:1.00), while the sex ratio was 1.00 among 2nd born children born between 1976-1980. School children between age 6-18 showed 6266 boys and 6218 girls (1.01:1.00). The sex ratio of the total population in the Shihezi area was 1.05:1:00; this coincides with our national ratio of 1.08:1.00 (1953 census) and the world sex ratio of 1.0035:1.00 in 1975. The universal occurrence of more males than females is probably a result of physiological factors. It is actually beneficial to the country to have a slightly higher ratio of males because many jobs are more suitable for men because of their physical condition and the accidental death rate is also higher for men. The slightly higher percentage of boys among single child families was not statistically significant (P0.05).     

Long‐Term Trends in Life Expectancy and Active Life Expectancy in the United States

Changes in life expectancy and in active life expectancy may have effects on the fiscal integrity of both the Social Security and Medicare programs. Analysis of the fiscal stability of these programs shows that the most serious problem may be the growth of Medicare expenditures projected to surpass, in about 2024, Social Security costs. This is aggravated by the associated rapid growth of the Medicaid program. To understand how the growth of Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security might be correlated we present estimates of changes in life expectancy and active life expectancy from 1935 to 1999 and then project those values to 2080. How the correlation of life expectancy and active life expectancy changes over time, and by age, may provide insights into how increased health care expenditures, if effective in changing health in the elderly, could modify the age structure of the labor force and the availability of human capital.     

家族企业治理模式及其路径选择

文章探讨了企业外部环境因素和企业内部因素对家族企业治理模式选择的影响,阐明了家族化治理模式在特定环境条件下的合理性与局限性。作者认为,中国家族企业要做大做强,创业者完全退出、由职业经理人控制的职业化治理不一定是普遍选择,由“家人”和“外人”共同治理模式应是中国家族企业的主要演变方向。     

市场VS政府,什么力量影响了我国菜农农药用量的选择?

近年来,农业生产中农药的超量施用已造成严重的负外部性,谋求农药施用量的减少因此成为现代农业政策的内容之一。本文利用对江苏省蔬菜种植户的调查数据,通过建立damage-abatement生产函数及计量模型,分析了影响菜农农药用量选择的主要因素,研究表明,有1/4的菜农在施用农药时会超过说明书规定用量,农药对蔬菜潜在的产量影响、价格影响及农户风险态度等造成农户收益认知直接变动的市场收益保证类别因素,是影响农户农药用量选择的主要因素,蔬菜售前农药残留检测也可有效规范农户农药的施用行为,而签订销售合同、参加合作社等市场组织模式以及宣传指导、种植监管等政府介入措施,并没有起到抑制菜农超量施用农药的作用,签订销售合同、参加合作社甚至对菜农的农药用量具有正向激励。另外,超量施用农药菜农在政策诉求方面存在一定的逆向选择,进一步增加了农药施用治理的难度。     

Men’s Judgment and Behavior Toward Women Wearing High Heels

Research has consistently shown that the appearance of women’s apparel influences men’s behavior and judgment. However, the effect of women’s shoe heels has received little interest. Female confederates wearing black shoes with 0-, 5-, or 9-cm heels walked on the street. In a first experiment, we examined the number of men in the street who smiled at the female confederate. More smiles were addressed to the confederate with high heels. In a second experiment, the confederates asked men and women to respond to a short survey. It was found that high heels increased males’ but not females’ compliance with the request. In a third experiment, photographs of the same woman’s body profile wearing high heels or not were evaluated by men. Results showed that high heels were associated with greater sexiness, overall physical attractiveness, breast attractiveness, beauty, attractiveness to other men, and willingness to date. All the experiments supported the notion that high heels increase women’s attractiveness to men.     

江苏高技术产业自主知识产权创造绩效研究

高技术产业自主知识产权创造是推动产业布局优化和经济转型升级的重要着力点,本文基于2000-2010年的江苏高技术产业数据,运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,以专利为例,分析江苏高技术产业自主知识产权创造的动态绩效.结论表明江苏高技术产业自主知识产权创造绩效的纯技术效率变化指数、规模效率变化指数、整体效率变化指数、技术变化指数、全要素生产率指数年平均都有增长,但五大细分行业间存在差距,分年度动态变化明显,进而从宏观政府层面、中观产业层面和微观企业层面提出提升创造绩效的对策建议.