大数据下主题数据库的研究现状与展望

在对数据库和数据管理发展历程进行梳理的基础上,提出主题数据库应结合大数据时代背景下的数据特点进行重新定位和改变的观点。通过对大数据和主题数据库相关文献的筛选、分类和分析,对大数据和主题数据库的概念进行认知和界定,对与主题数据库紧密相连的相关研究,包括主题划分、信息资源规划和大数据背景下管理和决策的研究现状进行评述,最后提出大数据时代主题数据库进一步研究的方向。     

Educational attainment and transitions in functional status among older Taiwanese

Despite considerable research examining the influence of socioeconomic status on health, few studies have considered this relationship as it pertains to older adults in non-Western societies. We attempt to ascertain the influence of education on changes in physical functioning in a rapidly developing country. Data come from the 1989 Survey of Health and Living Status of the Elderly in Taiwan and a follow-up interview in 1993 (N = 4,049, age = 60+). Individuals are conceptualized to be in a state of functional independence or functional limitation at the time of origin, based on their ability to perform three physical functioning tasks. The outcome at the follow-up interview is categorized as functionally independent, limited, or dead, allowing for six probabilities, one from each state of origin to each outcome. These are calculated using a multinomial logit model, controlling for other factors often thought to be associated with health transitions. High levels of educational attainment result in a decreased incidence of functional limitation for those originating in a state of independence. Contrary to expectations, however, education has little influence on those who originate functionally limited. Thus, higher education plays a substantial role in primary prevention of morbidity, delaying the onset of disability, but other factors are more important once limitations begin. We speculate on the reasons behind these findings, including that the results may be culturally dependent.     

Applying a Markov chain for the stock pricing of a novel forecasting model

In this article, a stock-forecasting model is developed to analyze a company's stock price variation related to the Taiwanese company HTC. The main difference to previous articles is that this study uses the data of the HTC in recent ten years to build a Markov transition matrix. Instead of trying to predict the stock price variation through the traditional approach to the HTC stock problem, we integrate two types of Markov chain that are used in different ways. One is a regular Markov chain, and the other is an absorbing Markov chain. Through a regular Markov chain, we can obtain important information such as what happens in the long run or whether the distribution of the states tends to stabilize over time in an efficient way. Next, we used an artificial variable technique to create an absorbing Markov chain. Thus, we used an absorbing Markov chain to provide information about the period between the increases before arriving at the decreasing state of the HTC stock. We provide investors with information on how long the HTC stock will keep increasing before its price begins to fall, which is extremely important information to them.     

薪酬—级别倒挂与公司慈善捐赠

公司的慈善捐赠是直接增进社会福利的有效手段,探究公司捐赠决策的行为逻辑具有重要意义。基于2015—2019年国有企业集团下属A股上市公司数据,考察了公司高管获得高于其所属集团负责人薪酬的薪酬—级别倒挂现象对慈善捐赠的影响。研究发现：薪酬—级别倒挂会促使公司高管出于迎合集团的动机增加慈善捐赠,即薪酬—级别倒挂程度越高,公司的慈善捐赠水平越高。区分慈善捐赠性质的检验表明,薪酬—级别倒挂影响下的捐赠主要是非连续、策略性捐赠,支持了迎合假说。进一步分析发现,迎合动机强烈、迎合难度更高以及迎合效果更好时,薪酬—级别倒挂对公司慈善捐赠的影响更明显。因此,国有企业集团在激励下属公司积极承担社会责任时,可以将其相应的考核机制与薪酬体系结合,从而实现更好的激励效果。