论文学文本的构成特性

在文学文本的构成问题上,一直存在着"要素论"和"层次论"的分歧和争论.综合古今中外有关观点.文学文本应是一个多层面有机构成的整体,这些层面可进一步归纳为言、象、意三个大的层次,这三个层次各有其相对独立的价值,又因其内在关联而联结成一个统一整体,共同担负和体现着文本结构的意指功能与审美功能相统一的整体性功能.文学文本结构的这种整体性功能也决定了它的非自足性和全面开放性,它的产生和存在有赖于作者的创造,它的实现和完成以及在历史中的发展变化也有待于读者的阅读和接受.     

追求新亚洲安全:文化视角中的地区合作

21世纪各个国家特别是亚洲各国进入了发展的新阶段。亚洲在经济发展中实现了建设性的双边伙伴关系。但是亚洲国家形成“与西方传统不同的亚洲国际关系模式”仍然任重道远。作者认为,亚洲共同的文化认同可以发挥重要作用,理应把亚洲国家特别是两个人口最多的国家中国和印度团结起来,全面实现“亚洲共同体”的战略目标。     

Semiparametric linear transformation models for current status data

Current status data arise when the death of every subject in a study cannot be determined precisely, but is known only to have occurred before or after a random monitoring time. The authors discuss the analysis of such data under semiparametric linear transformation models for which they propose a general inference procedure based on estimating functions. They determine the properties of the estimates they propose for the regression parameters of the model and illustrate their technique using tumorigenicity data.     

Maternity and child health care in urban China

In China the effort to develop maternal and child health (MCH) care has been ongoing. Initially, attention was directed primarily to promulgating a modern method of delivery in an effort neonatal tetanus and puerperal fever. The next stage was the systematic management of MCH care. Pregnant women and puerperants were given a series of checkups and guidance from conception until the 42nd day after delivery. The purpose was to prevent and treat complications. In some cities, perinatal care has developed to the point of health care management of the health of both mother and child. This extensive health care system includes preconception and pregnancy care, puerperant care, and neonatal care. Premarital checks have become the rule in the urban areas. MCH care organizations at the grassroots level and community health workers take responsibility for advising newly married couples about health care. In addition, some medical colleges and their affiliated hospitals provide consultation services for these couples. The Shanghai Railway Medical College uses a computer to make projections on multigenic genetic diseases. It provides information on incidence risk of the next generation to help couples make their childbearing decisions. The majority of pregnant women get their 1st prenatal check prior to the 12th week of pregnancy, followed by 9 re-examinations to screen out high risk factors. Difficult labor, infections, obstetric trauma, postpartum hemorrhage, and fetal distress are prevented at childbirth. Newborns are scored with Apgar comments; those with low marks are specially protected. In some cities, an investigation system has been established to deal with perinatal deaths. Perinatal care is managed at 3 levels: community MCH centers and MCH departments of hospitals, clinics, and industrial enterprises form the 1st level of care; MCH centers of city districts and hospitals at the district level make up the 2nd level of care; and MCH institutes or hospitals at provincial or city levels, hospitals attached to medical colleges, and hospitals under government ministries form the 3rd level of care.     

18世纪中国经济变迁背景下基层司法体制考察——以土地产权纠纷审理为例

在十八世纪中国经济发展的变迁过程中,产生了许多土地产权纠纷,甚至由此导致流血冲突.州县衙门以法典为准绳并以习俗为参照,基本上禀持公平原则审理此类案件.然而法律的变更滞后于经济变迁的步伐,致使基层司法体制结构性缺陷恶化,不利于纠纷的解决.     

汉英双语幼儿早期多语码词汇发展个案研究

儿童早期词汇的获得和发展对儿童具有重要意义,研究儿童词汇量增长是早期语言发展研究的一个重要方面。本文追踪了一名汉英双语多语码儿童出生后到两岁之间的普通话、粤语和英语的早期词汇获得,从最初词汇、五十个词的里程碑、词汇爆发和非常规意义匹配四个方面进行研究,结果发现该名儿童的普通话词汇发展与汉语儿童的相似,且词汇语义快速发展的标志为泛化现象明显增加,与情感因素挂钩;粤语和英语词汇发展缓慢,有日趋停止的可能。     

Ocean Protection in Times of Intense Change

The ocean represents about 71％ of the surface of the earth. This alone shows that the ocean matters, and we should protect it. The ocean is the habitat of many ...     

印度民族问题与民族整合的厘定

印度作为一个多民族国家要实现真正的崛起,必须理性地对待本国的民族与民族问题.印度的特殊国情在民族和民族问题方面表现为特殊性和复杂性的特点,而印度现行的民族理论和民族政策则存在着明显的局限性.民族整合应成为印度正确处理民族问题的理性选择.     

略论近代中国民族意识的觉醒与嬗变

近代中国,随着亡国灭种危机的不断加深,在国内外的多重压力之下,为谋自救而觉醒的民族意识迅速成为最有效的社会动员资源.近代民族意识的产生与发展不可能完全脱离传统民族意识和观念的影响,二者往往内在关联、颉颃消长、交织重叠在一起,决定了近代中国民族意识的多样性与复杂性.中国近代的不同精英个体及社会群体对中国传统民族意识有着不同汲取,从而对民族意识有着不同的认知及表达.他们的内在体认和外在表征勾勒出民族意识在近代中国的嬗变轨迹.中国近代民族意识旨归于孙中山之"三民主义",是历史发展的必然选择.     

哈尼族梯田旅游的文化之美

哈尼族梯田文化旅游资源具有独特的历史文化价值、科学考察价值和美学观赏价值,是我国梯田文化的代表;哈尼族梯田文化之美可概括为丰富内涵美、悠久历史美、和谐共生美、民族精魂美、自然景观美、朴实生活美.