Assessment on the Quality of Democracy:the State and Problems

1.Comprehension of the quality of democracy The study of democratic quality stems from transitology or consolidology of democracy,which attempts to make well-bounded division between the procedure and outcome of democratization.Larry Diamond and Michael Coppedge,for instance,have understand the quality of democracy as a regime' s degree of democratization after its political transition,namely,the degree of the fulfillment of a polyarchy' s capabilities.Another definition defined by Arend Lijphart,as quoted,"the quality of democracy refers to the degree which a system meets such democratic norms as representativeness,accountability,equity,participation." in which two domains are highlighted:principles of democracy,and the degree for regimes to meet them.     

人力资源能力建设与我国创新型国家的建立

建设创新型国家,关键是创新人才的培养和广泛参与,这需要通过人力资源能力建设来推动该目标的实现。在20世纪90年代的10年里,中国人力资源能力建设大幅度提高,但仍面临若干问题,为适应中国加快创新型国家建设的需要,需要借鉴发达国家在人力资源能力建设方面的经验,强化人力资源能力建设过程中的关键点。     

论公民选举权保障制度

选举制度是现代国家民主政治制度的基础,选举权是公民最基本、也是最重要的民主权利。公民选举权的实现需要选举制度保障,而保障公民的选举权是选举制度产生和嬗变的历史动因,也是选举制度发展的价值目标。改革开放以来,随着我国社会政治经济的发展,选举制度不断完善,公民选举权有了更切实的制度保障和物质保障。但是,由于种种原因,我国公民在行使选举权时还受到了诸多制约。因此,从我国的国情出发,吸收国外成功的经验,参照有关国际法律的规定,不断丰富公民选举权的内容,拓展其范围,创新其实现形式,完善选举制度,强化其保障措施,仍然是我国民主政治发展、和谐社会构建和人权保障中面临的重要任务。     

阿富汗重建的特点及其面临的问题分析

阿富汗重建具有如下特点:涉及多方面的广泛内容和不同层次;是在国际社会的大力参与下展开的,尤其受到了美国和其他西方国家的影响;重建是阿富汗现代化发展的新阶段,强烈体现出当代的西方价值观和加快阿"发展"的意图;重建是阿富汗民族国家构建的重要发展阶段.重建的主要问题:过分依赖国际社会的援助;安全问题始终无法解决;经济重建仍存在各种问题.因此,阿富汗问题在一个较长的时期内仍无法获得根本解决.     

《左传》战争叙事与齐地尚勇风气

《左传》是先秦时期传记文学,以写战争名垂文学史,其中有很多笔墨是描写齐地勇士的。《左传》中与齐国相关的战争描写,刻画了殖绰等一大批勇士,体现了齐地尚勇的风气。     

我国东北工业发展60年:回顾与展望

东北地区工业经历了60年大规模的建设、改造和振兴,积累了许多可资借鉴的经验.从一定意义上说,没有东北老工业基地的贡献,就不会有共和国的快速发展和改革开放的成就.目前东北工业发展仍然面临着诸多的问题和困难,但总体上看,有利条件多于不利因素,特别是国家实施老工业基地振兴战略以来,东北地区经济实力和综合能力增强;国家扩大内需的政策和十大产业振兴规划,与东北工业结构吻合度高,从而必将给东北地区带来新的发展机会,并产生强劲的推动力.     

Evaluating Item Discrimination Power of WHOQOL-BREF from an Item Response Model Perspectives

Quality of life (QOL) has become an important component of health. By using the methodology of psychometric theory, we examine the item properties of the WHOQOL-BRIEF. Samejima’s graded response model with natural metrics of the logistic response function was fitted. The results showed items with negative natures were less discriminating. Items written in a specific way were more suitable to assess certain subgroups. The national items showed variation in discriminatory power. Questions measuring objective and specific issues performed worse than items assessing general aspects of the QOL.     

Model based labeling for mixture models

Label switching is one of the fundamental problems for Bayesian mixture model analysis. Due to the permutation invariance of the mixture posterior, we can consider that the posterior of a m-component mixture model is a mixture distribution with m! symmetric components and therefore the object of labeling is to recover one of the components. In order to do labeling, we propose to first fit a symmetric m!-component mixture model to the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples and then choose the label for each sample by maximizing the corresponding classification probabilities, which are the probabilities of all possible labels for each sample. Both parametric and semi-parametric ways are proposed to fit the symmetric mixture model for the posterior. Compared to the existing labeling methods, our proposed method aims to approximate the posterior directly and provides the labeling probabilities for all possible labels and thus has a model explanation and theoretical support. In addition, we introduce a situation in which the “ideally” labeled samples are available and thus can be used to compare different labeling methods. We demonstrate the success of our new method in dealing with the label switching problem using two examples.     

建构主义对国际关系理论发展的影响

建构主义作为一种后现代理论,研究主体与客体的关系,其思想渊源可追溯到古希腊.建构主义的基本观点是:物质客观存在,但物质的意义是观念赋予的.建构主义理论的嵌入动摇了国际关系理论的逻辑起点,引发人们对国际关系理论的哲学思考.观念至上与物质至上两种主义之争有助于国际关系理论的全面发展.     

近年来中国近代社会演迁研究的学术反思

近30年来,关于中国近代社会演迁问题的学术研究经历了从西方中心论到中国中心的转变,随之而来的争论是中国近代社会演迁的动力与机制是否来源于传统时代向近代的转移?在社会演迁过程中官方与民间各自发挥了怎样的作用?是官方主导还是民间主导?传统社会形成的地域性在近代社会演迁中是否仍起作用?对近年来关于上述问题研究的简述与反思必将有助于研究的深化。