乌梁素海鱼类寄生虫调查初步报告

本文首次报道了乌梁素海鱼类寄生虫13种,隶属8目11科11属.对乌梁素海鱼类寄生虫的区系组成有了初步了解,为今后鱼病的防治提供了依据和建议.     

Prenatal Sex Determination and Sex‐Selective Abortion in Rural Central China

This study analyzes the practice of prenatal sex selection in rural central China. It examines the prevalence and determinants of prenatal sex determination by ultrasound scanning and subsequent sex‐selective abortion. The data are derived from a survey of 820 married women aged 20–44 and from in‐depth interviews with rural women and men, village leaders, family planning managers, and health providers, conducted by the author in one county in central China in 2000. Prenatal sex determination was a widespread practice, especially for second and higher‐order pregnancies. Sex‐selective abortion was prevalent and order of pregnancy, sex of fetus, and sex of previous children were major determinants of the practice. A female fetus representing a high‐order pregnancy in a family with one or more daughters was the most likely to be aborted. Awareness among rural families that in the population at large a future marriage squeeze was likely did not diminish the demand for sex‐selective abortion.     

Ecosystem resilience, specialized adaptation and population decline: A modern Malthusian theory

The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical framework characterizing the interactions among economic development, ecosystem equilibrium and possible population decline, and to discuss the population dynamics in the very long run. In our framework, economic activities bridge population and environment. On the one hand, human beings reform the environment through economic activities; on the other hand, economic activities decrease environmental resilience and increase the possibility of an environmental change in a discontinuous and irreversible pattern, as described in Arrow et al. (1995). Furthermore, a highly developed economy also causes over-specialization of human adaptation, which tends to exaggerate the impact of an environmental change on human population size. Received: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 3 July 1999     

关于中国农民经济理性的纷争

纯粹理性对任何经济主体都是一种经济假说。由于农民所处的特殊环境 ,传统的观点认为农民是缺乏理性的 ,这种观点在国际上受到舒尔茨、塔克斯等理性论者的批判。中国自然经济历程较长 ,农民受传统文化影响较深 ,非理性的特征应该更为明显 ,但实证性研究材料表明 ,农民甚至包括贫困农户的经济行为仍然是理性的。当然 ,农民经济行为是否理性的争论还在继续     

Do institutions really matter for saving among low-income households? A comparative approach

This study aims to examine the extent to which competing theories explain saving of low-income households in Individual Development Accounts (IDAs). Competing theories include the individual-oriented perspective, a social stratification perspective, and institutional saving theory. We use American Dream Demonstration (ADD) data collected at the Tulsa IDA program. Compared with the individual perspective and the social stratification perspective, institutional features explain a large part of the variance in saving outcomes measured by average monthly net deposit (AMND) and deposit frequency. Findings suggest that institutional structures encouraging low-income households to save may contribute to more inclusive asset-based policy.     

对外围地区控制性详细规划编制方法和内容的思考

在新的发展形势下,随着《中华人民共和国城乡规划法》的施行。结合城市土地有偿使用制度的深入推进,建设方式与投资渠道多样化。以及城市规划管理的改革。为控制性详细规划（以下简称“控规”）提供了广阔的发展舞台。近年来,国内外专家学者和城市规划工作者。通过不断地探索和实践,对控规的编制总结出了不少成功、有效的经验,并在城市建设与规划管理中发挥着重要的作用。     

博物馆——城市性格与魅力

博物馆已经逐渐成为城市文明的重要代表之一,通过对我国北京的故宫、英国伦敦的大英博物馆等国内外著名的博物馆的介绍说明人类文明发展史需要其作为载体去展示城市风采。并以南通博物苑、江苏省昆山市锦溪镇的中国民间博物馆之乡等活生生的例子说明,现代城市需要博物馆,有特色的博物馆将充分展现城市的性格与魅力．由此增强城市文化吸引力。     

社会主义新农村孝文化建设的基本路径?--以衢州市余家山头村“女儿节”为例

传统孝文化具有丰富内涵,包括孝德、孝行、孝道、孝形。余家山头村"女儿节"承载着孝文化广泛的正性能量,在今天又被赋予新时代价值,为新农村孝文化建设提供了重要启示。另外还要从学术研究、孝德教育、管理机制、法律监管、养老保险等方面进行社会主义新农村孝文化建设。     

行动者的定位及其激励——以收入分配制度改革为例

收入分配制度改革涉及到利益格局的深刻调整。在改革的过程中,社会行动者的定位是不同的,其激励也大不一样。其中,中央政府承受着公平分配的社会压力,是改革的顶层设计者,肩负着制度供给和统筹协调等方面的责任。地方政府是改革方案的执行者,是制度创新的重要主体,在公共服务均等化等领域有很大的作为空间。社会组织尤其是垄断行业等既得利益者是改革的阻力,但他们又是松散的和软弱的,这也相应提出了选择和优化改革策略的要求。公民参与具有良好的内在激励,并有民主控制和达成共识等方面的意义,对公民的赋权决定着收入分配制度改革的前景和未来。     

对外开放对中国收入分配的影响——“南方谈话”和“入世”后效果的实证检验

对外开放促进了劳动力流动,从而也影响了中国的收入分配,但其对不同类型劳动者收入的影响不尽相同。使用1988—2008年个人和家庭层面的微观数据,采用分位数回归方法,以1992年邓小平"南方谈话"和2001年中国加入世界贸易组织("入世")两大重要事件作为衡量对外开放的外生变量,实证检验对外开放对中国收入分配的影响,可以发现:对外开放对收入差距的影响在不同时期有所差异,对城市与农村的影响也截然不同。就"南方谈话"后的第一阶段对外开放而言,其在一定程度上缩小了总体和城市内部的收入差距;就"入世"后的第二个阶段对外开放而言,其对总体收入差距的影响并不显著。"入世"拉大了城市高端和中端收入群体的收入差距,但也带来了农村居民收入的提高,从而在某种程度上缓解了总体收入差距的扩大。