Human Well-Being in Chinese Cities

Does human well-being vary substantially across regions within China and, if so, what forces have contributed to this variation? There are four macro-social change theories that shed light on this question: modernization theory, dependency/world-systems theory, state theory, and human ecology theory. No known study has examined all four theories simultaneously or used recent data. We fill this gap by reporting the results of a study examining the effects of industrialization, foreign penetration, state investment, and population growth (as well as several control variables) on the urban variation of three alternative forms of human well-being in China during the late 1980s. Results provide support for both state theory and human ecology theory, but they provide little or no support for modernization theory and dependency/world systems theory. Implications of the results are discussed.

     

中国人口的年龄性别结构

人口的年龄性别结构是过去生育率、死亡率变化的结果,也在很大程度上决定了未来的人口变化。中国人口的年龄性别结构正在经历重大的转变,这种转变正在影响着中国人口和社会经济发展。过去20年来,中国人口年龄性别结构转变的主要特征是人口老龄化和出生性别比的升高。未来20年里     

Dynamics of inequality: mother's education and infant mortality in China, 1970-2001

In this study, the authors analyze the dynamic relationship between Chinese women's education, their utilization of newly available medical pregnancy care, and their infants' mortality risk. China has undergone enormous social, economic, and political changes over recent decades and is a novel context in which to examine the potential influence of social change and technological innovation on health disparities. The authors consider efficacy, or the ability to quickly absorb and effectively utilize new medical innovations, and argue that the social stratification of efficacy provides an important conceptual link between education and the greater likelihood of benefitting from medical innovations. Using the 2001 National Family Planning and Reproductive Health Survey data and multilevel, multiprocess models, the authors show that Chinese infants born to better educated mothers retained a survival advantage over the turbulent decades between 1970 and 2000. This occurs largely because educated mothers more actively sought prenatal care and professional delivery assistance use.     

The role of assets in improving college attainment among Hispanic immigrant youth in the U.S.

Despite the importance of higher education, Hispanic immigrant youth still have far lower college attainment rate than whites in the U.S. Existing studies show the significant role of household assets on educational attainment even after controlling for income. Thus, this study examines the role of homeownership and school savings on Hispanic immigrant youth's college attendance and graduation. Findings show that homeownership is a significant positive predictor of Hispanic immigrant youth's college attendance and graduation, but parent school savings is not a significant predictor. Policy and practice implications discussed.     

论西方企业社会责任的发展路径及经验

西方国家企业社会责任运动是伴随着经济发展过程中的环境污染、诚信危机、劳工权益等社会问题而逐步发展的。20世纪中叶以后,西方倡导和支持企业履行社会责任的观点逐渐增多,并形成现代企业社会责任的主流观念。多重社会压力的推动、经济利益的驱使、多重力量的促进、信息技术的带动,促成西方国家形成了企业社会责任制度。在诸多影响因素中,政府以及社会组织起了举足轻重的作用,其间的有益经验和启示主要有五个方面:第一,政府在企业社会责任建构过程中扮演着重要的引导性角色;第二,政府在引导企业承担社会责任过程中主要以经济手段为主;第三,建立了严密的与社会责任相关的法律体系约束企业行为;第四,多元参与和监督是企业社会责任运动持续发展的重要动力;第五,法律法规的有效执行是国家推进企业社会责任建设的重要保障。     

税制改革对所得税纳税筹划的影响

2008年实施新的企业所得税法,2011年提高个人所得税免征额和改变税率及级次,近年来我国对两类所得税都进行了改革,使企业面临着新的纳税环境。企业不但自己需要缴纳企业所得税,还要为其职工支付工薪、劳动报酬等并代扣代缴个人所得税。面对通货膨胀和税负高企的现实,企业应规避风险,积极探寻在新税制环境下进行两类所得税纳税筹划的方法,为企业和职工谋取合法利益,并不断提高税务管理的水平。     

湖南出土简帛的书法价值初探

湖南是迄今为止国内出土简牍数量最多、时代序列最完整、简帛书体资料最丰富的省份.湖南出土简帛的书法价值主要有:1)展现了战国楚系文字的原始面貌.2)提供了秦汉之际隶变过程中丰富多彩的秦隶书体.3)给隶书的成熟期提供了新的佐证.4)给东汉后期和三国魏晋的书法研究提供了全新的资料.5)给当代书法创作提供了高古生动的临摹范本.     

海外赛博朋克研究前沿问题追踪

赛博朋克是科幻小说的一个流派,它关注高科技语境下的边缘人群。与传统科幻小说不同的是,赛博朋克叙述的科学技术不仅是可能发生的,而且有些技术处于正在使用状态。目前学界关注的热点是：关于威廉·吉布森的《神经漫游者》的研究;关于赛博朋克主题的研究,包括人类未来的赛博生活与精神生活;还有蒸汽朋克的研究。赛博朋克在顺应、预测人类可能的生活的同时,也从人文精神角度对人机生活的诸多问题进行了反乌托邦式的反思,而这种反思正是单一科学主义的解毒剂。     

民族自治地方政治发展的形成机制分析

在改革开放及其导致的社会转型不断推进的过程中,民族自治地方的政治发展呈现出了不断拓展和深化的态势,即形成了广泛、深入的政治发展。这样的政治发展是党委和自治机关的推动、多党合作和政治协商的促进、民族政治精英的促成、外部政治的输入以及群体性事件的触动等机制综合作用的结果。在其具体的形成过程中,党委和自治机关推动机制是主导性的,但其他机制也发挥着相当重要的作用。     

清代广西"宾兴"分布及流变的历史地理学分析

清代广西宾兴的发展,在时间上呈现"三起三落"螺旋式发展特征;在空间上.则从嘉庆朝开始出现由"东西同步"发展转向"东西分流",最终形成"东多西少"的两极格局,这与土流分治制度、科场场域、资本及士绅惯习、国家政治局势等息息相关.