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121.
This analysis of data on environmental quality differentials in the U.S. states shows, first, that the many physical measures of the environment in the U. S. states form two coherent factors: pollution (which became the criterion variable for the study) and waste management. Likewise, budget allocations for the environment reduce to 'contemporary' and 'traditional' expenditures. The former type, along with per capita miles driven and the proportion of the population in metropolitan centers, were used as control variables in tests of three explanatory models: 'industrial capitalism', 'sectoral political economy' and 'sociological structuralism.' No one of these explanations was completely supported by the regression analyses. Therefore, a factor analysis of 16 measures of structure and environmental policy characteristics was run that generated three types of state structure: industrial, high-change and commercial. The first and third types proved to be strong predictors, positive and negative respectively, of pollution level. The major implication of these findings is that social structure, policy and pollution levels are inextricably intertwined. 相似文献
122.
Nan Marie Astone Constance A. Nathanson Robert Schoen Young J. Kim 《Population and development review》1999,25(1):1-31
The analytic models used by family demographers would be strengthened by the concept of social capital, placed in the context of social exchange theory. Using that concept to designate resources that emerge from social ties, the authors advance five propositions: 1) social capital is a multidimensional attribute of an individual; 2) the dimensions of social capital are the number of relationships a person has, their quality (strength), and the resources available through those relationships; 3) group membership and interaction facilitate the development of social capital; 4) the structural properties of groups influence the development of social capital; and 5) the acquisition and maintenance of social capital is a major motivator of human behavior. The formation of sexual partnerships, the birth and rearing of children, and both intragenerational and intergenerational transfers constitute major forms of investment in social capital in virtually all societies. 相似文献
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125.
This baseline study used data from a informant survey of 76 rural communities in Central Tunisia to construct, first, measures of rural poverty and ecological deterioration and, second, indices of the major institutional complexes in the region. Using factor analysis, the study identified five institutional dimensions: services, religious institutions, mechanized agriculture, irrigated agriculture and sedentary herding. These dimensions were then used as independent variables in a regression analysis of the two social indicators with the results that sedentary herding and religious institutions (negative) predict ecological problems, and the same two dimensions, with the addition of services (negative) predict poor housing. Compared to household survey baselines, this one is less expensive, simpler to analyze and provides an analytic picture of the institutional structure, in relation to key indicators, of a region. 相似文献
126.
Although several methods have been developed to allow for the analysis of data in the presence of missing values, no clear guide exists to help family researchers in choosing among the many options and procedures available. We delineate these options and examine the sensitivity of the findings in a regression model estimated in three random samples from the National Survey of Families and Households (n = 250–2,000). These results, combined with findings from simulation studies, are used to guide answers to a set of 10 common questions asked by researchers when selecting a missing data approach. Modern missing data techniques were found to perform better than traditional ones, but differences between the types of modern approaches had minor effects on the estimates and substantive conclusions. Our findings suggest that the researcher has considerable flexibility in selecting among modern options for handling missing data. 相似文献
127.
Young MM Wohl MJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(3):467-485
Across two studies we assessed the clinical utility of the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). In Study 1, the scored
items on the CPGI significantly correlated with those of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), yet their shared variance
was low. Importantly, clinician evaluation of the client’s level of pathology was more strongly associated with that revealed
by the CPGI than the SOGS. In terms of utility, clinicians found the non-scored items on the CPGI more useful in treatment
than those included with the SOGS. In Study 2, the effectiveness of the CPGI profiler (CPGI-P) software, which graphically
depicts problematic gambling-relevant attitudes and behaviours, was assessed. Although clients had difficulties using the
CPGI-P interface, they overwhelmingly indicated that the output prompted action to address their gambling. The clinicians
were less enthusiastic as they felt the output did not help clients truly understand their gambling problems. Such sentiments
were reiterated by the clinicians at a 6 months follow-up. The use of the SOGS and possible adoption of the CPGI (as well
as the CPGI-P) in a clinical setting are discussed. 相似文献
128.
129.
Dennis R. Young 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(4):566-586
This article focuses on the nexus between the governance of U.S. nonprofit organizations and their ability to secure the resources
necessary to effectively execute their missions. Different sources of nonprofit income are associated with alternative stakeholders.
Viewing these constituencies as beneficiary groups, we consider how the particular mix of income sources influences the capacity
of nonprofits to generate resources, especially if there is competition among stakeholder groups for control of the organization’s
policies and practices. We then ask how nonprofit governance might be modified to improve the ability of the organization
to generate resources through a regime of economic stakeholder governance. 相似文献
130.
Sheila K. Marshall Richard A. Young Alison Stevens Wayne Spence Stewart Deyell Adam Easterbrook Martin Brokenleg 《The Career development quarterly》2011,59(6):539-558
The purpose of this study was to understand how urban‐residing Aboriginal adolescent–parent dyads (n = 11) jointly constructed and acted on goals and strategies with their social supports (n = 17) to facilitate the adolescents' career development. A modified protocol following the qualitative action‐project method was used. A discrete joint project was identified for each family. These joint projects can be clustered into 3 joint career development projects: (a) navigating toward a safe future, (b) negotiating school continuance, and (c) intergenerational continuity through tradition of care. A 4th project emerging from the data was family survival. Family survival projects supplanted participants' efforts to engage in career development projects. 相似文献