"僭礼逾制":明清江南市民生活的潜流

人们社会生活的变迁,是了解那一时代社会经济政治状况的钥匙。本文以江南市民生活为观照对象,从衣、食、住、游等方面,考察明清时期“僭礼逾制”的生活潜流及其透露出来的社会经济、文化变迁的信息。     

民营化改革中公共利益缺失的形式及原因分析

公共服务民营化改革中存在着政府公共责任缺失、公民利益遭受侵害的问题。本文分析了这一问题表现的几种形式,并进一步分析了导致其产生的四种本质层面上的原因,以此促进民营化改革的更好进行。     

论大学英语水平统一测试的优越性

我国现行有两套考试系统用以测试大学英语水平:大学英语46、级考试(CET-4/6)用来衡量非英语专业学生的英语水平,而英语专业48、级(TEM-4/8)考试则用来测评英语专业学生的英语水平。依据Bachman和Palmer语言测试原则,为了保证语言测试的有效性,语言测试任务应该与语言应用任务相对应,这种对应是语言测试的出发点和目的。既然如此,对于非母语的中国大学生而言,就没有必要以英语专业或非英语专业的区分用不同的测试来区分他们的英语水平。从这一点出发,完全可以将现行测试非英语专业学生CET-4/6和测试英语专业学生的TEM-4/8合二为一。问卷调查分析也表明,实行全国大学英语统一测试比分成两套考试系统的英语测试更具优越性。     

浅谈如何提高大学生英语阅读理解能力兼评《全新版大学英语快速阅读》

阅读理解能力是衡量一个人英语水平的重要因素之一,随着社会的发展和大学英语教学改革的大力推进,我们应当进一步加强对大学生阅读理解能力的培养,扩充他们对词汇量的掌握,并使他们了解相关的文化背景,从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。     

高等院校与学习型社会建设

高等院校参与建设学习型社会,是高等院校从事社会服务的一个重要理念。其涵义是通过高等院校的社会服务来参与办理各种社会教育事业,其目的是为了建设学习型社会,拉动和满足全体社会成员对各种教育的需求。建设学习型社会,必须从开放教育的视角深入探讨高等院校参与建设学习型社会的教育体制、政策、途径与方式,使高等院校的社会服务以参与办理社会教育为主,并通过知识群体推动学习型社会的形成。     

论奥运经济的八大特征

奥运会是全球影响最为广泛的体育运动,现已成为能提供体育文化产品和服务的产业。奥运经济至少具有稀缺性、公共性、资产专用性、区域性、阶段性、间接性、文化性、政治性等特征。只有准确把握奥运经济的基本特征,才能在弘扬奥林匹克精神的基础上收到最大的经济效益。     

一项开创性的系统工程 --评《五指山民族文化研究丛书》

总体上看,海南少数民族文化研究长期处于相对滞后的状况,近年来情况有所改观。作为一个以廓 清、构筑海南五指山少数民族文化体系为主旨的系统工程,由琼州大学主持编撰的《五指山民族文化研究丛书》 在宏阔的视野和系统的构架中,首次对海南少数民族文化进行整体性的理论观照和把握。其系列成果的显现,就 是近年来海南少数民族文化研究领域的一个填补空白的开拓性标志。     

女性"隐形"地位的多元认知透视

在男性占主导地位的语言,诚如英汉语中"乞丐""医生"等职业术语和"chairman""hero"等官衔荣誉称呼之类的名词,一般性的人类泛指"a man","mankind"以及代词的非指示用法中,女性往往被置于"隐形"的地位。性别差异和性别歧视的现象已引起社会上各学科的普遍关注,然而,从认知角度对这一现象作出注解的文章寥寥。运用认知语言学中的原型和范畴理论、框架理论、心理空间和概念合成理论对此予以阐释,可为英汉语中这一现象的理论阐释提供全新的多元认知视角。     

Bayesian analysis of a marked point process: Application in seismic hazard assessment

Point processes are the stochastic models most suitable for describing physical phenomena that appear at irregularly spaced times, such as the earthquakes. These processes are uniquely characterized by their conditional intensity, that is, by the probability that an event will occur in the infinitesimal interval (t, t+Δt), given the history of the process up tot. The seismic phenomenon displays different behaviours on different time and size scales; in particular, the occurrence of destructive shocks over some centuries in a seismogenic region may be explained by the elastic rebound theory. This theory has inspired the so-called stress release models: their conditional intensity translates the idea that an earthquake produces a sudden decrease in the amount of strain accumulated gradually over time along a fault, and the subsequent event occurs when the stress exceeds the strength of the medium. This study has a double objective: the formulation of these models in the Bayesian framework, and the assignment to each event of a mark, that is its magnitude, modelled through a distribution that depends at timet on the stress level accumulated up to that instant. The resulting parameter space is constrained and dependent on the data, complicating Bayesian computation and analysis. We have resorted to Monte Carlo methods to solve these problems.     

Population constraints on pooled surveys in demographic hazard modeling

In non-experimental research, data on the same population process may be collected simultaneously by more than one instrument. For example, in the present application, two sample surveys and a population birth registration system all collect observations on first births by age and year, while the two surveys additionally collect information on women’s education. To make maximum use of the three data sources, the survey data are pooled and the population data introduced as constraints in a logistic regression equation. Reductions in standard errors about the age and birth-cohort parameters of the regression equation in the order of three-quarters are obtained by introducing the population data as constraints. A halving of the standard errors about the education parameters is achieved by pooling observations from the larger survey dataset with those from the smaller survey. The percentage reduction in the standard errors through imposing population constraints is independent of the total survey sample size.