Reconstitution of Sociotechnical Arrangements: Agency and the Design of Artifacts

ABSTRACT

This article regards artifacts as sociotechnical arrangements. Likewise, it views the concept of agency—traditionally defined as a human capacity for having needs and preferences and for seeing possible actions—as not independent of sociotechnical arrangements, but rather emerging from and potentially transforming those arrangements. In other words, the design of an artifact is actually the design of a sociotechnical arrangement, from which emerges new agency. We support this view with our fieldwork in the areas of open data, integrated learning, and local currency.     

试论“故误字(符)”现象及其校对原则

在当前的广告词和商标中,以及日渐流行的网络语言中,出现了一些故意更改成语或惯用语中个别字词的“故误”现象,网络语言中的此类现象还不仅限于成语和惯用语。这些语言文字现象给校对工作提出了新的问题,也势必会生发出一些新的校对原则。这正是本文要讨论的问题。     

彝族社会文化小辑

彝族是一个缺少文字史料记载的民族。目前,彝族文学创作仍主要是口头流传的民间文学形态,其民间文学作品中大量的史诗、歌谣和尔比是了解彝族社会和文化的主要途径。     

（0，1）—矩阵类U（R，S）的势函数

讨论了（０，１）—矩阵类Ｕ（Ｒ，Ｓ）中所含指定的行和向量Ｒ＝（ｒ１，ｒ２，…，ｒｍ），列和向量Ｓ＝（ｓ１，ｓ２；，…，ｓｎ）的（０，１）—矩阵的势ｆｍ，ｎ（Ｒ，Ｓ），给出了求ｆｍ，ｎ（Ｒ，Ｓ）的递归公式．     

微分中值定理的再推广

本文绘出微分中值定理的一个推广．所见资料中的微分中值定理及高阶微分中值定理均为本文结果的特例．     

关于齿顶边星图的优美性

在齿轮回．的每个齿的齿顶分别加上ｍ１，ｍ２，…．ｍｎ，条悬挂边后构成的图称为齿顶边星图．记为（ｍ１，ｍ２，…，ｍｎ．）．本文给出了（ｍ１，ｍ２，…，ｍｎ）的优美标号，从而证明了（ｍ１，ｍ２，…，ｍｎ）是优美图；当ｍ１＝ｍ２＝…＝ｍｎ＝ｋ时，（ｋ，ｋ，…，ｋ）即为ｋ顶边星图．于是解决了“所有的ｋ顶边星图都是优美图”这一猜想．     

学术期刊审稿理念及中西比较

学术期刊同行审稿制度产生260年来,人们尤其西方学者对其进行了广泛的研究、关注和强调。"同行审稿"制度实行以来,取得了巨大的成功,其中的代表性实例像《科学》、《自然》,等等。与之相应的是中国的"三审制",三审制是学术期刊审稿的主流制度,后者是一种主要在机构内部运作、计划色彩浓郁的审稿制度。通过中西方学者对审稿理念的理解比较,可以发现:西方学者100%持同行审稿观点,中国持此理念的仅占33%。在中国,主流工具书缺乏对审稿概念和研究成果的关注;自然科学界比社会科学界更加关注、重视审稿问题,社会科学界研究者则相对稀少;中国的同行审稿论者几乎都是自然科学工作者;尽管如此,中国的同行审稿论者呈增加趋势。同行审稿是一种开放型的审稿制度,因此,应当积极借鉴和采纳西方普遍采用的同行审稿制度,改进目前的审稿制度。     

Expansions of the coverage probabilities of prediction region based on a shrinkage estimator

An expansion formula for the coverage probability of prediction region based on a shrinkage estimator proposed by Joshi [Joshi, V. M. (1967). Inadmissibility of the usual confidence sets for the mean of a multivariate normal population. Ann. Math. Statist., 38, 1868–1875.] is obtained. Its error bound is evaluated in terms of a function of an unknown parameter. Applying this result, three types of asymptotic expansions are derived. These expansions show inadmissibility of the usual prediction region.     

关于学术期刊分级问题的全方位考察

学术期刊分级意义重大.在学术期刊分级问题上,理论界众说纷纭,实际工作政出多门.文章对我国学术期刊分级的理论与现状进行了分析并提出了质疑,对学术期刊分级的依据进行了讨论,指出了国内外在学术期刊评价上的缺陷,提出了学术期刊分级的依据以及分级应掌握的方法.     

Agricultural policy modelling under imperfect competition

This study evaluates the role of imperfect competition in determining the agri-food policies impact assessment outcomes. In most impact studies, the supply chain between agricultural production and final consumption is modelled in a perfectly competitive framework. However, there is a growing attention of stakeholders for the presence of imperfectly competitive markets, with the retail sector often being under investigation. This issue is empirically analysed with an application to the dairy industry. First, the degree of market power is estimated using a multi-output demand and price transmission equation system. Then, this model is used for policy simulation with the perfect competition outcome taken as a benchmark to evaluate the impact of imperfect competition. Results show a significant degree of market power in the dairy industry with implications on the projected policy scenarios. Moreover, the imperfect competition model alters the price transmission mechanisms, generating more flexible price trends.