何为高雅趣味?谁的高雅趣味?——对文艺鉴赏标准的质疑

高雅趣味是一个假命题.由于长期以来在审美实践中忽略了美感产生的真正原因,结果导致了对审美趣味本身的模糊认识.特别是在当代以消费为主导的社会中,更是漠视了审美冲动的本己性特征,因此,将所谓的"高雅趣味"塑造成了社会的典范,也正因为如此,用"高雅趣味"压制了"真实趣味"的审美本己性特征.只有明确了审美趣味是生命内在需求的表现,才能探寻到审美活动的真正意义和本质.     

(0,1)──矩阵类U(R,S)的势

设R＝（r1，r2，…，rm），S＝（S1，S2，…，Sn）。ri，Si是非负整数，U（R，S）是所有具有行和向量R和列和向量S的（0，1）—矩阵的集合，求出|U（R，S）|的势函数的表达式是一个未决问题，本文构作了一种“移1法”。通过这种方法，借助于递归原则，得出了U（R，S）的势fm，n（R．S）的递归公式：     

Socio-material arrangements of impoverished youth in Japan: historical and critical perspectives on neoliberalization

In the past decade, in Japan, a new light has been cast on youth poverty in the context of the middle-class impoverishment caused by the advance of neoliberalization. Thus, the socio-material arrangements, that is, the configuration of people and artifacts pertaining to poor Japanese children, was explored. The authors conducted a field survey in Tokyo’s Adachi Ward, where poverty and the problems it brings have become more serious, and then analyzed that data. In the analysis, we introduced a historical viewpoint to understand the changes in the socio-material arrangements of poor youth that have been brought about by neoliberalization.     

关于新中国社会科学院士制度问题的研究

中国的院士制度起步很晚 ,恢复和建立社会科学院士制度更是步履维艰。为此 ,党、政府以及领导人与社会科学界 ,已就这一重大问题做过大量的工作 ,包括论证、讨论和呼吁等 ,尤其是 1980年、1993年和 1994年 ,相继恢复和设立起自然科学方面的科学院学部委员、院士制度与工程院院士制度以来 ,要求恢复和建立中国社会科学院士制度的呼吁与讨论更趋热烈。社会科学院士制度是对有重大社会科学成就者的一种认可和激励机制 ,是全面落实“尊重知识 ,尊重人才”以及“两手抓 ,两手都要硬”的党和国家路线、方针和政策的得力措施。社会科学使命重大 ,恢复和建立社会科学院士制度势在必行 ,不能再拖延了。     

Unveiling Research Trends for Organizational Reputation in the Nonprofit Sector

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Public scrutiny and the need for funds in a more competitive environment are pressuring nonprofits to be more consciously...     

Development of low-volume,high-intensity,aerobic-type interval training for elderly Japanese men: a feasibility study

Background

The purposes of this study were to identify 1) the feasibility of a novel exercise protocol (elderly Japanese male version of high-intensity interval aerobic training: EJ-HIAT) and 2) its preliminary data (%V?O_2peak, rating of perceived exertion) in comparison with traditional moderate-intensity continuous aerobic training (MICT).

Results

Twenty-one sedentary elderly men, aged 60–69 years, performed two exercise protocols: EJ-HIAT, consisting of 3 sets of 2?3-min cycling at 75?85%V?O_2peak with 1??2-min active rests at 50%V?O_2peak between sets, and MICT, consisting of 40-min cycling at 65%V?O_2peak. The completion rate, defined as the rate of participants who 1) did not demand withdrawal, 2) were not interrupted by the tester, and 3) did not change the workload during either exercise protocol, of EJ-HIAT was similar to that of MICT (EJ-HIAT: 100%, MICT: 95.2%). Maximal perceived exertion ratings assessed by Borg scale were also similar between EJ-HIAT and MICT. However, objectively measured maximal intensity assessed by %V?O_2peak was higher for EJ-HIAT than for MICT (EJ-HIAT: 86.0 ± 5.6%, MICT: 67.1 ± 6.4%).

Conclusion

These results suggested that EJ-HIAT has good feasibility and perceived exertion similar to MICT despite having higher objectively measured intensity than MICT. An intervention aimed as identifying the effects of EJ-HIAT on exercise tolerance should be performed in the future.

Trial registration

UMIN000021185 (February 26, 2016).

     

Universal design and accessibility: an approach of the influence of muscle strength loss in the risk of falls in the elderly

This study was conducted with older adults living in a long-stay institution in the city of Foz do Iguacu, Parana, Brazil with the objective of assessing the influence of muscle strength loss in the risk of falls. The sample consisted of 65 elderly who walk without the aid of support for locomotion, 37 women and 28 men, aged between 67 and 80 years. The risk of falls was assessed through the TUG test. To determine the handgrip strength, a hand dynamometer model Jamar ( was used, which provides the result in kg / force (kgf), being held only with the dominant hand. The results showed that in the last 12 months, only 32% of the elderly surveyed had no fall and the average handgrip strength was 24.32 ( 11.22 kgf; 40% had one fall and the average handgrip strength was 23.82 ( 10.18 kgf; 8% had two falls and the average handgrip strength was 19.48 ( 8.21 kgf and 20% had more than one fall and the average handgrip strength of 18.13 ( 7.33 Kgf., indicating that the force levels are statistically lower among elderly at high risk of falls (p> 0.05). It was concluded that the lower the force level, the greater the likelihood of falls. Thus, it is important to stress that due to the loss of muscle strength, all ergonomic hazards and architectural barriers must be removed so that older adults can perform their tasks more easily, with comfort and safety.