Are Americans and Indians more altruistic than the Japanese and Chinese? Evidence from a new international survey of bequest plans

This paper discusses three alternative assumptions concerning household preferences (altruism, self-interest, and a desire for dynasty building) and shows that these assumptions have very different implications for bequest motives and bequest division. After reviewing some of the literature on actual bequests, bequest motives, and bequest division, the paper presents data on the strength of bequest motives, stated bequest motives, and bequest division plans from a new international survey conducted in China, India, Japan, and the United States. It finds striking inter-country differences in bequest plans, with the bequest plans of Americans and Indians appearing to be much more consistent with altruistic preferences than those of the Japanese and Chinese and the bequest plans of the Japanese and Chinese appearing to be much more consistent with selfish preferences than those of Americans and Indians. These findings have important implications for the efficacy and desirability of stimulative fiscal policies, public pensions, and inheritance taxes.     

A bus stop shelter evaluated from the user's perspective

This study aims to evaluate the current bus stop shelter model used in Florianópolis, Brazil, through a functional analysis--focused in the relationship between the shelter, the users and their activities--and also to analyse users' perceptions. The methodology consisted of exploratory visits, anthropometric analysis, observation and interviews. The exploratory visit intended to survey the physical characteristics of the shelter (dimensions, materials, colors, displayed information) and its position on the sidewalk. The anthropometric analysis was made to verify whether the dimensions of the shelters were adequate to users' needs. The observation provided data for the analysis of users' behavior, which involved a biomechanical study of their postures, an ownership/occupancy analysis in terms of territoriality and studies about spatial requirements of interpersonal relations (proxemics). The interviews helped to analyze how the user perceives the quality of some of the main functions of the shelter: to provide physical and psychological comfort and to display information about the public transportation system. As a result, the overall conclusion is that shelters do not meet users' needs. Recommendations are provided in order to improve physical and psychological comfort and to display relevant information about the transportation system.     

Assessment method of accessibility conditions: how to make public buildings accessible?

The enforcement of accessibility today has faced several difficulties, such as intervention in historic buildings that now house public services and cultural activities, such as town halls, museums and theaters and should allow access, on equal terms to all people. The paper presents the application of a method for evaluating the spatial accessibility conditions and their results. For this, we sought to support the theoretical foundation about the main issue involved and legislation. From the method used--guided walks--it was possible to identify the main barriers to accessibility in historic buildings. From the identified barriers, possible solutions are presented according to the four components of accessibility: spatial orientation, displacement, use and communication. It is hoped also that the knowledge gained in this research contributes to an improvement of accessibility legislation in relation to the listed items.     

一类差分方程的全局吸引性

本文研究差分方程x_（n＋1）＝x_ne~rn(1－αxn-k-bx2－k),其中rn是非负实数列,a＞0,b≥0,k非负整数,初始条件x0＝a0＞0,x-j＝a-j,j＝1,2,…,k,得到了该类方程正解全局吸引的一族充分条件。     

文化产业:学术阐释的原则与目的--代本专栏主持辞

山东省政府主办的“首届山东(国际)文化产业博览会”(以下简称“文博会”),选定“文化、创意、财富”为主题词,获得了社会的广泛关注与好评。山东师范大学著名文学评论家吴义勤认为:“‘文化、创意、财富’短短六个字,完整地表达了文化产业的内涵和特征,尤其是张扬‘财富’的旗     

The wealth decumulation behavior of the retired elderly in Italy: the importance of bequest motives and precautionary saving

In this paper, we analyze the wealth accumulation and saving behavior of the retired elderly in Italy using micro data from the “Survey of Italian Ho     

The impact of sex ratios before marriage on household saving in two Asian countries: The competitive saving motive revisited

This paper estimates a household saving rate equation for India and Korea using long-term time series data for the 1975–2010 period, focusing in particular on the impact of the pre-marital sex ratio on the household saving rate. To summarize the main findings of the paper, it finds that the pre-marital sex (or gender) ratio (the ratio of males to females) has a significant impact on the household saving rate in both India and Korea, even after controlling for the usual suspects such as the aged and youth dependency ratios and income. It has a negative impact in India, where the bride’s side has to pay substantial dowries to the groom’s side at marriage, but a positive impact in Korea, where, as in China, the groom’s side has to bear a disproportionate share of marriage-related expenses including purchasing a house or condominium for the newlywed couple.     

中西方学术期刊审稿制度比较研究

审稿攸关学术和学术期刊的存亡。学术期刊和同行审稿制度首先产生于西方|我国清代中期《吴医汇讲》的性质属于传统图书,不是学术期刊,其审稿性质不具有真正意义同行审稿的性质|中国真正的学术期刊的起点是1815年的《察世俗每月统记传》。由于近代中国学术期刊主要由传教士创办,以传教为主,同时普及、介绍西方文化和科学,所以审稿以著、审、编'三位一体'为主要特点,无须同行审稿|解放前中国学术期刊还处在探索期,加之社会动荡不已,无法实行同行审稿制度|解放后中国学术期刊实行了计划经济色彩很浓的'三审制',其渊源是列宁和毛泽东战争年代的出版思想。中西方学术期刊审稿的比较研究表明,'三审制'与同行审稿制度均有利弊,但同行审稿制度利大于弊,'三审制'弊大于利。因此,中国学术期刊应当积极吸收、借鉴现代国际社会通行的同行审稿制度,努力实现学术期刊审稿制度的国际化。     

图P_3×C_n是优美图

给出积图P3×Cn的优美标号，证明了P3×Cn是优美图。     

近代前期法国贵族研究综述

欧洲贵族阶层一直是国内外学者关注的重要课题.本文对近代前期法国贵族的国内外研究状况进行了回顾、梳理和总结,指出现时研究的成绩和不足.