各地病假工资规定比较

对于职工因病或非因公负伤请假休息期间的工资计算,最早见于1951年2月26日由政务院公布、1953年1月2日政务院修正颁布的《劳动保险条例》和与此相配套并同期颁布的《劳动保险条例实施细则修正草案》,该规定一直沿用至今。根据该条例及草案,连续医疗期间在6个月以内的用人单位支付病假工资;连续医疗期间超过6个月时,病伤假期工资停发,改由劳动保险基金按月付给疾病或非因工负伤救济费。各地关于病假工资的立法,主要有三种模式:模式一:根据职工的工龄和工资,按照一定的比例支付采用这一模式的,主要以上海的规定为代表。在这一模式下,有关病假…     

蒙古文学与成吉思汗

成吉思汗(1162-1227)是蒙古族历史上的伟大人物———政治家、军事家。同时他也是蒙古文学史上的特殊人物形象———永生不朽的传统人物形象。从文学史研究角度看,可以说成吉思汗形象是蒙古文学史上的一种文学现象。蒙古文学史上的成吉思汗从原型性艺术形象发展成为神化的成吉思汗形象和理想化的成吉思汗形象。成吉思汗形象植根于蒙古民族的成吉思汗崇拜文化,形成于蒙古人的成吉思汗崇拜心理,并具有时代性。     

论蒙古族科尔沁文化

科尔沁文化是指蒙古族科尔沁地区的区域文化。“科尔沁”既是蒙古族古老部族的概念,又是地域地理概念。科尔沁文化作为蒙古族文化的重要组成部分和草原文化多元一体中的一个重要区系,有着自己独特的风韵,这主要取决于科尔沁的独特自然环境和地理位置。科尔沁文化内涵丰富,里面蕴含着“崇尚英雄”、“辅佐社稷”、“追求发展”、“热爱故乡”、“保护生态”、“坚忍不拔”等人文思想。特别是科尔沁文化所折射出的“坚毅、包容、创新、进取“的人文精神,为我们今天建设先进文化提供了坚实的基础,其优良传统应当很好地继承,并在新的实践基础上不断创新,为科尔沁地区的经济建设和社会全面进步提供智力支持。     

Cognitive Deficits in Executive Functions and Decision-Making Impairments Cluster Gambling Disorder Sub-types

To identify Gambling Disorder (GD) subtypes, in a population of men seeking treatment for GD, according to specific executive function domains (i.e., cognitive flexibility, inhibition and working memory as well as decision making) which are usually impaired in addictive behaviors. A total of 145 males ranging from 18 to 65 years diagnosed with GD were included in this study. All participants completed: (a) a set of questionnaires to assess psychopathological symptoms, personality and impulsivity traits, and (b) a battery of neuropsychological measures to test different executive functioning domains. Two clusters were identified based on the individual performance on the neuropsychological assessment. Cluster 1 [n = 106; labeled as Low Impaired Executive Function (LIEF)] was composed by patients with poor results in the neuropsychological assessment; cluster 2 patients [n = 46; labeled as High Impaired Executive Function (HIEF)] presented significantly higher deficits on the assessed domains and performed worse than the ones of LIEF cluster. Regarding the characterization of these two clusters, patients in cluster 2 were significantly older, unemployed and registered higher mean age of GD onset than patients in cluster 1. Additionally, patients in cluster 2 also obtained higher psychopathological symptoms, impulsivity (in both positive and negative urgency as well as sensation seeking) and some specific personality traits (higher harm avoidance as well as lower self-directedness and cooperativeness) than patients in cluster 1. The results of this study describe two different GD subtypes based on different cognitive domains (i.e., executive function performance). These two GD subtypes display different impulsivity and personality traits as well as clinical symptoms. The results provide new insight into the etiology and characterization of GD and have the potential to help improving current treatments.     

Exploring the Relationship between Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Gambling Disorder in a Clinical Sample: A Path Modeling Analysis

Most individuals will gamble during their lifetime, yet only a select few will develop gambling disorder. Gray’s Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory holds promise for providing insight into gambling disorder etiology and symptomatology as it ascertains that neurobiological differences in reward and punishment sensitivity play a crucial role in determining an individual’s affect and motives. The aim of the study was to assess a mediational pathway, which included patients’ sex, personality traits, reward and punishment sensitivity, and gambling-severity variables. The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire, the South Oaks Gambling Screen, the Symptom Checklist-Revised, and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised were administered to a sample of gambling disorder outpatients (N = 831), diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, attending a specialized outpatient unit. Sociodemographic variables were also recorded. A structural equation model found that both reward and punishment sensitivity were positively and directly associated with increased gambling severity, sociodemographic variables, and certain personality traits while also revealing a complex mediational role for these dimensions. To this end, our findings suggest that the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire could be a useful tool for gaining a better understanding of different gambling disorder phenotypes and developing tailored interventions.     

An extension of Horvitz–Thompson estimator used in adaptive cluster sampling to continuous universe

In this paper, an extension of Horvitz–Thompson estimator used in adaptive cluster sampling to continuous universe is developed. Main new results are presented in theorems. The primary notions of discrete population are transferred to continuous population. First and second order inclusion probabilities for networks are delivered. Horvitz–Thompson estimator for adaptive cluster sampling in continuous universe is constructed. The unbiasedness of the estimator is proven. Variance and unbiased variance estimator are delivered. Finally, the theory is illustrated with an example.     

生态文明观的源起与发展

学习实践科学发展观要求我们在坚持发展时统筹人与自然的和谐关系,党的十七大又明确提出要建设生态文明,但由于我国仍处在工业化的经济发展阶段,无论是人们的价值理念还是经济发展模式,离生态文明发展要求都有一定的距离,现有的生产和消费方式对生态环境依然构成了较大压力。生态文明的实现需要理论的深入研究和实践的不断探索,本期特刊登三篇关于生态文明建设路径的探索文章,分别从价值理念、政府职责和产业调整的角度探讨了生态文明的建设路径问题,以期推动对生态文明内涵和建设实践的理解认识和深入探讨。     

清代官版藏文《大藏经》之刊刻考

目前,学界认为北京版《甘珠尔》完成于1700年。始刻时间则有1683年、1684年两种说法,还认为存在多个复刻版;北京版《丹珠尔》始刻于1724年,完成于1738年。然而,根据原始文献,可考定北京版《甘珠尔》始刻于1683年,完成于1692年,1700年做了修订。所谓不同的北京版《甘珠尔》复刻版,实为在原版上进行修订,并非新刻。北京版《丹珠尔》的刊刻,可考定为1721年始刻,1724年完成。无论《甘珠尔》还是《丹珠尔》,都与其他版本有着复杂的源流关系,文中通过细致的目录、文字、函号、经序等方面的对比,做了详细的梳理。对于印本的特点,也作了描摹。《甘珠尔》《丹珠尔》都是康熙皇帝钦敕雕造的,雍正、乾隆皇帝及蒙古、西藏的政教领袖也厕身其中,共同缔造了文化,见证了历史。目前,北京版藏文大藏经的印本收藏于世界上不同的地方,散发着不朽的文化魅力。     

西部大开发中藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应问题的分析

在西部大开发中藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应的方面 ,会能有效发挥藏传佛教的积极功能 ;但同时 ,藏传佛教作为一种宗教也有其自身的局限性 ,制约社会发展的因素还仍旧存在。因此 ,加强政策引导与宗教的自我调整相结合是藏传佛教与社会主义社会相适应的必由之路。