Subjective Welfare, Well-Being, and Self-Reported Food Hypersensitivity in Four European Countries: Implications for European Policy

This study estimates the effects of food hypersensitivity on individuals?? perceived welfare and well-being compared to non-food hypersensitive individuals. Study respondents were recruited in the Netherlands, Poland, Spain and UK. The difference in welfare between food hypersensitive respondents and those asymptomatic to foods was estimated using a subjective welfare approach, including income evaluation. Well-being was measured using the Cantril Ladder-of-Life Scale, and health status using the Self-Perceived Health Scale. The difference in well-being, welfare and health status between participant groups was explained further using a number of background variables. No significant within-country differences in welfare between food hypersensitive respondents and respondents asymptomatic to foods were found. In terms of well-being, adult food hypersensitive respondents and their spouses reported significantly less happiness than respondents and their spouses asymptomatic to foods in the Netherlands and Poland. In Spain, the spouses of the food hypersensitive respondents were significantly less happy than respondents aymptomatic to foods. The well-being of children did not significantly differ between groups. The degree of severity of food hypersensitivity was negatively related to overall health status. In Poland, food hypersensitive respondents reported worse health status compared to asymptomatic respondents. In Spain, the converse was true. Food hypersensitive respondents were generally less happy with their life as a whole than respondents asymptomatic to foods, presumably because they experienced more negative effects, which were not related to perceived health status.     

Calibration of FISK, an Invasiveness Screening Tool for Nonnative Freshwater Fishes

Adapted from the weed risk assessment (WRA) of Pheloung, Williams, and Halloy, the fish invasiveness scoring kit (FISK) was proposed as a screening tool for freshwater fishes. This article describes improvements to FISK, in particular the incorporation of confidence (certainty/uncertainty) ranking of the assessors' responses, and reports on the calibration of the score system, specifically: determination of most appropriate score thresholds for classifying nonnative species into low-, medium-, and high-risk categories, assessment of the patterns of assessors' confidences in their responses in the FISK assessments. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, FISK was demonstrated to distinguish accurately (and with statistical confidence) between potentially invasive and noninvasive species of nonnative fishes, with the statistically appropriate threshold score for high-risk species scores being ≥19. Within the group of species classed as high risk using this new threshold, a "higher risk" category could be visually identified, at present consisting of two species (topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva and gibel carp Carassius gibelio ). FISK represents a useful and viable tool to aid decision- and policymakers in assessing and classifying freshwater fishes according to their potential invasiveness.     

梁启超眼中的史家素质述论

梁启超在前人研究的基础上,对史家素质作了更进一步的探索,取得了新的进展。他非常强调史德,把史德放在第一位。他对史学作了明确的界定,史家的主要功夫应用在专、精上面。他认为史识主要指史家的观察力,并介绍了如何做到具有敏锐的观察力。在史才方面,他认为最关键的是组织和文采。他的这些论述与前人相比更加清楚,更易于把握,使后来的治史者少走了不少弯路。直到今天,梁启超对史家素质的论述仍值得重视。     

Production knowledge and its impact on the mechanisms of governance

A framework is developed outlining how production knowledge and capabilities influence firm boundaries by impacting the transaction costs of markets and hierarchies. A central implication of the framework is that at lower levels of these capabilities the transaction costs of markets decline at a faster rate than the costs of hierarchy, while at higher levels of these capabilities the transaction costs of hierarchy decline at a faster rate than the costs of markets. The discriminating role of production capabilities arises because markets and hierarchies utilize different types of control (prices and output control versus authority and behavior control), and hence require different levels of knowledge to be efficient. The analysis suggests firms often maintain some production knowledge when contracting for various inputs since it not only reduces transactional hazards in markets, but also because in comparative institutional terms, initial gains in knowledge make markets more efficient than internal organization. In addition, the analysis suggests that there would be a U shaped relationship between the propensity to integrate vertically and the extent of production capabilities as opposed to a monotonically increasing relationship. I find support for the U shaped relationship in a cross sectional sample of 1553 manufacturing firms.     

基于学习型组织理论的低碳城市建设宣传教育机制研究

党的十九届五中全会提出"促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型"加快推动绿色低碳发展,持续改善环境质量"。低碳城市建设任重道远,构建灵活高效的宣传教育机制十分重要。根据低碳城市建设的需要,借鉴学习型组织理论的方法,提出了构建"五个化"的低碳城市建设宣传教育机制,具有理论研究意义和实践应用价值。     

准组织化:政府主导式基层农民组织化困境——以汶川地震后四川XM乡灾后重建为例

农民组织化的概念和理路蕴含于灾后重建的实践,而其程度和方式影响着灾后重建的效果.通过对汶川地震后XM乡灾后重建的实证调查、研究发现:在政府主导的灾后重建中,农民要么被过度组织,要么被低度组织,加之政府失灵和市场异化,灾后重建中农民的组织化呈现出了碎片化、准组织化、被组织化、自组织化等多种状态,其中准组织化是一种常态.农民的准组织化成为政府主导式基层农民组织化面临的困境.     

社会管理视角下的高校稳定预警机制建设

随着高校与社会之间关系日益密切、相互影响日益深入,维护高校稳定工作已成为社会管理的必然范畴。高校稳定工作必须主动引入社会管理理念,特别是建立起符合社会管理要求的高校稳定预警机制,以顺应当前高校稳定预警范围扩大、目标提升、渠道延展等新形势,着力提升教育预警、管理预警、信息预警、安防预警功能,构建教管结合、信息畅通、防范严密的"大预警"格局。     

苏格拉底教学法对大学英语课堂教学的 启示和作用

为改变我国大学英语课堂教学重知识传授,轻思辨能力培养的现状,受苏格拉底教学法的启示,在英语课堂教学中,通过围绕主题不断提问来启发学生思考,将传统的知识型教学,转型为知识、思辨、素质三位一体的教学模式,从而提高学生的英语综合能力,进而培养学生用英语进行思辨的能力。     

基于知识流程的企业知识管理层级模型研究——以信息技术外包企业为例

企业知识管理的核心是企业对其本身所拥有知识的认识。首先根据企业知识循环的生命周期理论,构建企业知识管理的层级模型,该层级模型包含初始级、基础级、利用级和创新级4个层级,4个层级没有清晰的分界线,而是一个递进的过程,反映企业知识管理螺旋上升的动态过程。其次,以信息技术外包企业为例,借鉴H-S-C知识资本结构理论,确定信息技术外包企业的核心知识维度,即人力知识、技术知识和顾客知识3个知识维度,并建立具体的量化评价指标。最后,针对各项指标在各个层级中的变化状况,进一步分析企业知识管理的层级模型,在促进企业了解其知识管理发展状况的同时,帮助企业理顺知识的管理流程,提前制定相应的发展策略,促进企业持续提升知识管理水平。     

论连云港地域性重要地质遗产的保护与抢救——基于古鲸鱼骨骼化石发现的视角

从合理开发利用与保护地质遗产的角度,提出地质遗产体系的概念,详细论述了古鲸鱼骨骼化石是连云港区域性重要特色的地质遗产,探讨了地质遗产保护4个最紧迫的任务及其长期保护需要开展的工作。