Unresolved Conflicts in the Regional Security System: The Case of the South Caucasus

The collapse of the USSR was accompanied by transformation of the South Caucasian latent ethnopolitical conflicts into local wars. Today the situation in the area of the conflicts is “neither war, nor peace”. Three unresolved conflicts of the South Caucasus can be considered as one of the most serious obstacles for establishing a regional security system.The article gives the general characteristics of these conflicts, the trends of their development, taking into account the time factor, and analyzes the behavioral models of the main players – de jure recognized and unrecognized de facto states of the South Caucasus. The basic objective of the main players should be to keep the situation on a level preventing the resumption of the armed conflicts. The attempts of forced resolution of the conflicts are fraught with destabilization of the situation not only in the area of any of these conflicts but in the whole region.     

土地治权的变动与政权变迁

在传统农耕社会的制度框架中,土地不仅是一种经济学意义上的自然资源,更为重要的是作为一种政治活动的对象而存在。国家以政权的形式赋予土地所有权、土地经营方式以合法性的依据。土地治权与国家政权之间存在着一种内在的张力,土地治权作为国家意志在土地之中的凝结,其变动是对于社会利益的一种强制性的分割,与传统社会的政权变动有着内在性的相关。     

Generalized quasi-likelihood

The quasi-score function, as defined by Wedderburn (1974) and McCullagh (1983) and so on, is a linear function of observations. The generalized quasi-score function introduced in this paper is a linear function of some unbiased basis functions, where the unbiased basis functions may be some linear functions of the observations or not, and can be easily constructed by the meaning of the parameters such as mean and median and so on. The generalized quasi-likelihood estimate obtained by such a generalized quasi-score function is consistent and has an asymptotically normal distribution. As a result, the optimum generalized quasi-score is obtained and a method to construct the optimum unbiased basis function is introduced. In order to construct the potential function, a conservative generalized estimating function is defined. By conservative, a potential function for the projected score has many properties of a log-likelihood function. Finally, some examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results. This paper is supported by NNSF project (10371059) of China and Youth Teacher Foundation of Nankai University.     

Ideas versus ideology: The origins of modern labor economics

Starting with its early twentieth century origins, the development of Labor Economics is traced to the present. We describe an intellectual revolution in which an earlier tra-dition that focused primarily on the institution of the labor union has been replaced by a perspective that emphasizes the various roles played by labor markets in an eco-nomic system. That earlier tradition contained very significant ideological elements, whereas its successor deals much more with the world of ideas. In the course of the debate, which still continues, ideas triumphed over ideology and created modern Labor Economics.     

城市公共空间与大众健康--19世纪英国城市公园发展的启示

在城市发展和改造过程中,英国近代城市先后着手进行城市公共空间———公园建设,从而掀起了一场造园运动。这场运动既是英国城市发展的必然结果,同时也是解决城市环境问题、提高大众健康水平的需要。而公园等公共空间的建设,为居民提供了一个锻炼与休闲的空间,有利于提高居民的健康水平。健康的人居环境,为各阶层民众提供了聚会的场所,体现了社会成员和谐相处的精神,成为英国资本主义成熟的重要表现之一。     

Flipping and ex post aggregation

We show that Bayesian ex post aggregation is unstable with respect to refinements. Suppose a group of Bayesians use ex post aggregation. Since it is a joint problem, each agent's problem is captured by the same model, but probabilities and utilities may vary. If they analyze the same situation in more detail, their refined analysis should preserve their preferences among acts. However, ex post aggregation could bring about a preference reversal on the group level. Ex post aggregation thus depends on how much information is used and may keep oscillating (“flipping”) as one keeps adding more information. Received: 16 April 2002/Accepted: 27 May 2002     

On strategy-proofness and essentially single-valued cores: A converse result

In a general model of indivisible good allocation, S?nmez (1999) established that, whenever the core is nonempty for each preference profile, if an allocation rule is strategy-proof, individually rational and Pareto optimal, then the rule is a selection from the core correspondence, and the core correspondence must be essentially single-valued. This paper studies the converse claim of this result. I demonstrate that whenever the preference domain satisfies a certain condition of `richness', if the core correspondence is essentially single-valued, then any selection from the core correspondence is strategy-proof (even weakly coalition strategy-proof, in fact). In particular, on the domain of preferences in which each individual has strict preferences over his own assignments and there is no consumption externality, such an allocation rule is coalition strategy-proof. And on this domain, coalition strategy-proofness is equivalent to Maskin monotonicity, an important property in implementation theory. Received: 22 February 2000/Accepted: 22 January 2002 I am grateful to Ryo-ichi Nagahisa, Shinji Ohseto, Hiroshi Ono, Tomoichi Shinotsuka and Shigehiro Serizawa for valuable comments. And I am indebted to two anonymous referees for useful suggestions. Especially, I owe the present proof of Lemma 2 to one referee. I also thank Yukihiko Funaki, Atsushi Kajii, Mamoru Kaneko, Eiichi Miyagawa, Tatsuyoshi Saijo, Manimay Sengupta, Yves Sprumont, Yoshikatsu Tatamitani, Manabu Toda, Takashi Ui, Takehiko Yamato, Naoki Yoshihara and the participants of the seminars in Hokkaido University, Kansai University, ISER (Osaka University), Otaru University of Commerce and Tsukuba University. All errors are my own responsiblity.     

关于隐性采访与新闻侵权的法律探讨

隐性采访不仅能真实地采访到用公开方式难以获得的新闻素材 ,将社会丑恶现象曝光 ,而且能最大限度地满足公众知悉社会真实情况的需要 ,充分发挥新闻的舆论监督功能。然而随着隐性采访的增加 ,新闻纠纷与新闻诉讼也随之增多 ,有的记者或因运用不当、或因滥用隐性采访而被告上法庭 ,甚至被判决赔偿精神损害。因此 ,正确认识隐性采访 ,对其进行法理分析 ,把握好隐性采访的度显得尤为重要。     

低温外科手术器械的现状和展望

本文从工程应用角度出发,综述了目前使用的各种低温外科手术器械的性能特点和适用场合。以当前使用最普遍的LN_2式冷疗仪为例对其原理、结构作了简要说明,着重指出其制造的关键和存在的不足,并对冷疗仪的进一步发展作了展望。