战后法国政府对农业发展的积极干预政策及其启示

法国在农业现代化的道路上曾经落后于欧美发达国家,但二战后,法国采取了一系列干预农业发展的措施,不仅一举扭转了农业落后的局面,而且使法国成为世界农业强国.法国的成功经验对于我们解决三农问题、建设社会主义新农村应有现实的启示作用.     

节能减排与经济发展的辩证关系和相互作用

保持人与自然、人与社会的和谐发展非常重要,没有和谐,经济的可持续发展之路就不可能走远.而大力倡导环境保护和节能减排不仅给我国工业化进程和产业升级带来挑战,同时也为我国加快工业化建设和产业升级带来更多的发展机遇和拓展空间.本文深刻阐述了节能减排给电力、建筑、轻工、制药、机电等行业带来的机遇与挑战.     

新农村文化建设中的公众参与——以“屈原乡村图书馆”捐建活动为例

近年来,厦门大学、湖南理工学院等闵湘高校的团委和青年志愿者自发携手,探讨和践行一种民间、基层、公益乡村图书馆的建立、运营与维护模式,以此促进乡村文化建设.2007年7月,国内藏书最多的一座完全由志愿者捐建的乡村图书馆--"屈原乡村图书馆"在湖南汨罗市开馆.这种第三部门网络式、志愿式的公众参与模式,不失为当前新农村文化建设中的一个亮点.     

2008台湾“大选”后的两岸关系走向蠡测

在2008年的台湾"大选"中,马英九、萧万长当选台湾地区新的领导人.陈水扁当局即将下台,国民党人再次上台,两岸关系的发展面临新的挑战和机遇.马英九等在两岸关系上,承认"九二共识",将两岸明确定位在"一国两区",并主张两岸通过对话、谈判解决分歧,积极推动两岸"三通",使得两岸关系的发展出现了转折和良好的势头.大陆应该抓住历史机遇,在"九二共识"的基础上,与对岸建立互信,求同存异,处理好两岸关系,致力于将"遏制台独"向"促进统一"的战略转变,共创两岸关系的新局面.     

基于建构主义的教育心理学课程与教学改革尝试

教育心理学是一门兼具理论性与实践性的课程,但在传统教学中,理论性突出,实践性缺乏.建构主义学习理论和教学理论为教育心理学教学改革提供了理论指导.教育心理学课程与教学改革从课程内容、教学方法和学习评价方式等多方面进行改革,取得了良好的效果.     

儒家和谐观念论

“和”是中国文化史上先哲们所追求的理想社会模式,也是儒家竭力倡导的人生准则。“和”的思想早已渗透到中华民族的血脉里。以孔子、孟子和荀子等为代表的儒家文化所倡导的天人之际、人际关系和身心平衡的和谐理论,以及由此而引发的“中庸”的人生哲学,都强烈地模塑了中华民族的心灵世界。如何认识儒家的和谐思想以及如何阐扬其当代价值,无疑都具有理论意义和现实意义。     

互联网时代的图书、知识以及知识分子

电视让我们"娱乐至死",互联网让我们淹没在信息的海洋,选择多到无法选择.在这个传媒时代,知识和思想怎样传播?我们感叹世风日下、人心不古,是因为我们拥有的太少,还是我们面临的诱惑太多?     

互联网时代的图书、知识以及知识分子

电视让我们“娱乐至死”,互联网让我们淹没在信息的海洋,选择多到无法选择。在这个传媒时代。知识和思想怎样传播？我们感叹世风日下、人心不古,是因为我们拥有的太少,还是我们面临的诱惑太多？     

书画同源——论书法和绘画在用笔上的相关性

作为中国传统文化的代表:书法和绘画,从产生之初就具有了难舍难分的关系,它们在以后的发展过程中,由于实用目的不同,书法和绘画各自的特征也越来越明显,但是他们在本质上仍具有共性,这便是中国传统的哲学基础,比如它们都强调要在作品中表现出宇宙永恒运行的规律(道或气).本文试从书法和绘画作品的表现形式方面,暨书法和绘画的用笔来探讨它们之间的相关性,并结合历代研究该命题的相关文献,作相应论述,并得出结论.     

四川少数民族村寨旅游扶贫模式转变研究

In 2012 , State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission of the People’ s Republic of China( hereaf-ter SEAC ) announced an outline concerning the protection and development of‘ethnic minority vil-lages with special characteristics ’ . The develop-ment of such villages is one of the important tasks of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission:this devel-opment aims to foster the conservation of ethnic culture and to accelerate the development of the ethnic areas in which these villages lie. On Sep-tember 23 , 2014 , the State Ethnic Affairs Com-mission announced guanyu minming shoupi zhong-guo shaoshu minzu tese chunzhai de tongzhi ( No-tice on the Naming of the First Group of China ’ s Ethnic Minority Villages with Special Characteris-tics):340 villages in total were inscribed into the list of this so-called ‘First Batch ’ , among which four villages of Sichuan province were included:( i) Jiefang village of Haqu in Leshan, ( ii) Mutuo Village of Maoxian in Aba, ( iii) Shangmo Village of Songfan in Aba, and ( iv) Guza Village of Seda in Ganzi. With the support of the so-called‘Poverty Al-leviation Policy’ , tourism in ethnic minority villa-ges has been booming; however, this has also re-sulted in a new series of related problems that need to be addressed. Tourism development obviously had reduced regional poverty. Since the 1980s, the promotion of economic development through tourism in the ethnic areas ( with a corresponding improvement of people ’ s living conditions ) has been widely accepted by society. Also in the prov-ince of Sichuan the ‘poverty alleviation through tourism’ policy has led to economic growth and has reduced the poverty of the people in the ethnic mi-nority areas. From 2011 to 2014, the SEAC has invested 57. 8 million Yuan in the development of ethnic minority villages in Sichuan province. This has led to the implementation of 73 projects and has benefited around 100,000 people, 7 indige-nous ethnic groups, and 11 prefectures and munic-ipalities in Sichuan. It seems that this‘poverty al-leviation through tourism ’ ( hereafter PATT ) has resulted in good economic and social effects. Ethnic minority villages in Sichuan share sim-ilar challenges: ( i) a low level of production and productivity,economic backwardness, simplistic e-conomic infrastructure, cultural narrow-minded-ness, a low level of education and personal devel-opment, and a fragile condition of local nature and cultural surroundings. Moreover, tourism has since deeply altered previous development models for these regions: this has also brought many new problems, like e. g. how to correctly distribute the newly acquired economic benefits and profits, as well as cultural and environmental protection is-sues. Many of these problems seem to be only tran-sitional;however, these challenges do ask for the necessary tweaks of the PATT policies. This article thus tries to review the model of PATT as imple-mented in the ethnic villages of Sichuan. The arti-cle explores its different stages/aspects:( i) adap-tation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the gov-ernment, ( iii) an evolving profit model for local people, and ( iv ) evolving local talent discovery and activation. The first aspect of PATT is the change of the development goals. At first, the priority is to get rid of poverty through tourism. To initially boost local tourism, the government must make major in-vestments: enhancement of the basic infrastruc-ture, creation of a touristic brand and initial adver-tising for the ethnic villages. However, when the PATT has been effectively implemented, and reached a mature stage of development, i. e. the village has become relatively popular and annual numbers of tourists have reached a stable good lev-el, the goals must be adapted: economic develop-ment should change to sustainable development. The new goals would be a combination of local tourism and local related industries, such as handi-craft products, catering and other hospitality busi-nesses etc. When all of this takes place, the eth-nic villages and areas seem to be able to arrive at a green and sustainable development path. The second stage is the change of the role of government. As said, in the beginning large in-vestments in infrastructure, tourism marketing and publicity are needed. In this start-up stage, the village needs quite a lot of human and material re-sources. Without the financial and human aid of the government, it’ s very hard to change a local ethnic minority village into a tourist destination. Hence, the government should play a supportive role during the initial stages of tourism develop-ment, while taking the local villagers ’ will and ethnic culture into consideration: the government should consult with the villagers and encourage the villagers’ participation in the whole development process. When indeed the PATT reaches a mature phase, the local people can take over. By then the locals have gained much experience;their attitudes and business skills have sufficiently improved so the government can take a step back, leaving the villagers to further develop the villages by them-selves. The third aspect is an ‘evolving profit model for local people ’ . During the initial stages of PATT, it’ s all about developing basic tourism pro-jects: at this moment, the main profit models for businesses rely on ( a) ethnic culture projects with distinct characteristics, ( b ) establishing high quality modes of the tourists route, and ( c) pro-moting the unique name and fame of the villages. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the villagers themselves must further develop and maintain their unique brand and fame. As said, the government takes a step back while local peo-ple are to develop new related sustainable profit models. The fourth issue is the further evolution of‘local talent discovery and activation ’ or‘talent mechanisms’ . Before the initial stages of PATT in Sichuan, the local villagers of the ethnic minorities had been engaged in traditional agriculture for many years;hence it was difficult for them to tran-sition into modern industries such as tourism and hospitality. Moreover, there were very few locals who had any knowledge of this tourism/hospitality industry. E. g. only some elderly people conducted simplistic tour guide practices for tourists: they were unable to provide any in-depth explanations of the traditional ethnic customs and culture due to language barriers. Thus, outsiders ( including gov-ernment staff and tourism professionals ) had to come in and provide advanced concepts, methods, and training. More importantly, a new ‘local tal-ent team’ had to discover and activate local people with tourism talents/abilities. This allowed for a genuine local tourism industry to come into exist-ence and further evolve. However, when PATT reaches a mature stage, the government should re-turn the economic benefits back to the local people and give them the dominant right to further self-de-velopment. A newly developed professional middle class will then allow the local people to further de-cide on the future of the ethnic villages. After the initial ‘local talent discovery and activation ’ , a more mature ‘talent mechanism ’ should be formed. Led by the best local talents, people from all circles should be encouraged to take part in the further development of the local villages and areas:this allows for greater stability and continuity, while new talents can develop more. This article has analyzed the implementation and adaptation of PATT in the province of Si-chuan, including the ( i) adaptation of goals, ( ii) the changing role of the government, ( iii) an evol-ving profit model for local people, and ( iv) evol-ving local talent discovery and activation. Howev-er, the development of ethnic minority villages still seems to face many difficulties and challenges, and need to be studied and discussed more.