Aging in the Third World

The relationships between the generations in Third World countries are changing as migration and industrialization erode traditional family responsibilities for supporting the elderly. It is no longer possible to assume that, as a matter of course, old people will be looked after by their families. Social change leads to an eroding of the support systems. The author finds growing evidence of this breakdown in Asia, particularly in Singapore, Hong Kong, and other highly industrialized centers. Singapore, for example, has reinstituted the compulsory study of filial piety in an attempt to push the younger generation into assuming its traditional responsibility toward the old. There has also been a significant decline in the status, prestige, and support given old people in Indonesia, although politicans insist that the family will always take care of its elderly. 2 reasons for this breakdown are 1) the impact of the mass media and 2) the increasing involvement of the younger generation in non-agricultural jobs which often involve a move to the city and away from dependence on a patriarch. Many Third World countries are in a twilight stage, between the traditionally strong structure of family support and government systems of social security.     

评《社会经济学:回顾与展望》

本书由13篇研究社会经济学的论文构成,它是“当代经济思想”丛书的组成部分。该丛书旨在对所讨论的领域提供“一个批评性的建设意见”,提供一个“论坛”,“国际著名的学者们可以通过这个论坛,就重要的相关问题发表其看法”。在本书中,12名一流学者就社会经济学的性质、范围和研究方法提出了不同看法,因而显然实现了丛书的目标。     

当代资本主义与马克思主义理论的作用

资本主义体系正在进入“衰退”阶段。很难说有多么严重,进行预测我认为不啻是想充当巫师。但可以几乎确有把握地说,不会有撒满玫瑰和鲜花的锦绣前景,特别是对于我们国家来说。在这样的形势下,为数不多的仍然忠于马克思主义的学者,很容易用一成不变的老调重申一贯的不朽信念,试图未卜先知地“证明”始终保持传统面貌的马克思主义的完全正确性。时至今日还迟迟不承认必须承认的预言的严重错误,这是一种错误态度,要知道这样的预言的错误是社会主义过渡遭受挫折和资本主义中心的各国的共产主义运动处于气息奄奄状态的原因(并非次要的)之一。     

从古巴和台湾对比得到的教益

社会科学家在检验自己的理论时处于极其不利的地位.他们和物理学家不同,不能将某些变量保持固定不变,以便将另一些变量隔离开来进行大规模的实验.相反,他们只有依赖自然界自发的实验,这实际上是历史进程的副产品,其时间跨度要经历几十年之久.在过去的四分之一世纪里,古巴和台湾提供了一个优良的试验场地,得以检验不同的社会体制在促进经济增长和社会进步方面取得的成效.这两个海岛的政府曾经实行了截然不同的政策,也就得到相差很大的结果.古巴是马克思主义的热烈拥护者,对经济事务进行集中指导和管理,而台湾则采用一种非集中管理的私营企业体制.古巴和台湾虽然有明显的差别,但是在五十年代后期亦存在惊人的相似之处.两者均属人烟稠密的海岛,同样处于强敌压境情势下,时有遭到入侵和海外贸易被割断的威胁.在1949年共产党人取得胜利之后.台湾变成了国民党蒋介石政府的根据地.而在1959年菲德尔·卡斯特罗领导革命,取代了巴蒂斯塔政府.在那个年代,两个海岛的人均收     

Sterilization: Whose Right to Choose?

As there is presently no safe, freely available and fully effective mode of contraception, voluntary sterilization remains a matter of importance in this sphere. The legal right to such a choice has slowly evolved and it now seems clear that there is no legal barrier to such a choice by a competent adult. Yet, at a practical level, it seems that hospitals and medical practitioners will not readily accede to a request by an individual for such an operation and usually insist on the consent of the spouse if the person is married. The disparity between the law and existing practice is examined. It is argued that an adult individual should basically have a right to determine what shall be done with his own body, and that the onus is heavily on those who exceptionally seek to justify intervention.     

从侦探小说到电视系列剧

在二十世纪,侦探小说与爱情小说在情节剧中占据着统治地位。与侦探小说类似的还有西部小说、悬念小说、间谍小说和恐怖小说。爱情小说是从桃色小说开始的,经过轻歌剧式商业剧,发展为系列广播剧和广播小说。     

灾后的心理社会需求

个人对于各种紧急情况的反应源自两个方面 :一是个人的因素 ,这与其家庭内部的互动有关 ,即家庭对灾害的准备 ;二是民族或文化因素 ,它们决定着个人所在的社区对灾害的准备。灾害的心理社会方面 :灾前个人因素个人心理决定着他对于危机和灾害的反应。家庭中决定个人心理社会行为的因素有 :家族精神病史 ;幼年期的精神创伤和行为异常 ;贫困 ;神经过敏、内向性格、特殊的恐惧 ;生活压力 ;身为女性。灾害的心理社会方面 :灾前民族或文化因素与个人生活的社区和地区背景有关的民族和文化因素决定着个人对灾害的准备。此类因素包括 :应对问题的仪…     

经济理论的三个领域

很久以来,经济学家们把自己囿于新古典学派、制度学派和激进学派的圈子里,进行着三个方面的论战.他们各自为阵,甚至不愿将自己的正确主张贡献出来以供选择,更不用说具有独到的见解了.然而,任何一种流行的经济思维模式如果没有自己的长处,就会寿终正寝.至于我们——一个是制度学派的经济学家,一个是新古典主义者,一个是激进经济学家似乎更愿意弄清楚:什么是每一种理论体系的独特价值,为什么它们的追随者同时存在,以及他们为何如此经常地相互攻击?当然,把所有经济学家都纳入这三个学派是极其勉强的.新古典主义、制度学派和激进学派的三分法足以使我们把握主要之点,即虽然三个学派在     

Can We Perceive Near Miss? An Empirical Study

Near misses are a special kind of reinforcement which increases one’s desire to play. The aim of this paper is to examine the perception of near misses in normal population. We used a slot machine simulation running on a PC, where participants had to play four rounds with different near miss ratios (0, 15, 30 and 45%). Our sample consisted of 159 individuals with mean age of 22.8 and with no or little gambling experience. For data analysis we used chi-squared goodness-of-fit test and exact binomial test. Despite the fact, that there was a notable effect of near misses results showed that the subjects could not perceive trials of them.     

高校师生对中国文化知识的掌握及其英语表达状况研究

随着全球一体化的进程逐步加快,文化交流越来越频繁,在对外文化交流的过程中我们接受了西方文化,但却没有做好中国传统文化知识的传承工作。虽然新的高校英语教学大纲对英语教学中对中国传统文化知识的重视作出了明确的规定,然而在实际教学过程中却并未得到有效的落实,中国传统文化的英语表达前景堪忧。通过对高校英语教师和学生对中国文化知识的掌握及其英语表达状况进行研究,对促进教学改革,推动中国传统文化在对外交流中的传播具有深远的推动作用。