长期护理服务质量监管机制研究——以德国法为例

长期护理服务是因应社会老龄化和家庭结构变迁的一项重要社会保障制度。在长期护理服务领域引入市场机制可降低服务费用、扩大服务接受者的选择空间。但长期护理服务的公共属性与市场主体的营利属性之间有着难以调和的矛盾,必须加强服务质量监管才能确保护理服务的品质。德国1995年开始实施长期护理保险制度,经过20余年的改革实践,目前已建立起相对完善有效的服务质量监管机制。立足对德国法的考察,结合我国养老服务发展需求,建立我国的长期护理保险制度应从立法上构建服务质量评价体系,并从协议监管、外部监管及家庭护理服务质量监管等方面建立相应的具体制度,构建长期护理服务质量保障体系。     

教养方式与留守儿童心理弹性:特征和关系——来自河南省叶县的调查证据

利用2015年河南叶县初中生调查数据,分析了父母教养方式与留守儿童心理弹性的特征和关系。结果发现:留守儿童心理弹性处于中等偏上水平,个人力强于支持力,各维度发展水平不一;关爱关怀多于冷漠拒绝,鼓励自主多于过度保护,是父母教养方式的重要特征;高弹性留守儿童父母给予子女更多关爱关怀和鼓励自主,低弹性留守儿童父母更常冷漠拒绝和过度保护子女;父母关爱关怀和鼓励自主与留守儿童心理弹性显著正相关,冷漠拒绝和过度保护与之显著负相关;父母关爱关怀显著正向影响留守儿童心理弹性,是保护因素,而父亲冷漠拒绝和母亲过度保护显著负向影响留守儿童心理弹性,是危险因素;父母教养方式对留守儿童心理弹性的影响程度不同,母亲教养方式的影响大于父亲。     

项目制视角下非政府组织的参与困境：方村社区旅游故事

非政府组织在促进社区旅游发展方面的积极作用得到社会各界的认可,但也存在一些困境与问题,急需对其成因与破解进行探讨分析。基于项目制视角,本文以贵州苗族传统村落方村旅游发展中的非政府组织项目为例,解析旨在通过引导方村发展社区旅游以实现村民脱贫致富和自主发展的项目,为何未能得到社区居民的充分支持,进而指出,非政府组织项目效能消解的原因在于其人本主义理想与事本主义现实的矛盾、组织志愿精神与个人工作实质的冲突以及村民缺乏公共精神的安全导向的生存逻辑。由此,本文也对在中国语境下研究非政府组织提供了有力反思。     

天津在区域经济发展中的战略思考

统筹区域发展,对地区经济结构进行战略性调整,是中央在新的发展阶段推行科学发展观、全面建设小康社会的重大战略部署.按照这个要求,深入研究天津在京津冀、环渤海、东北亚三个区域经济发展中的比较优势和制约因素,明确天津的城市功能定位及发展战略,提出加强区域合作建议,对于加快天津发展,实现"三步走"战略目标,率先基本实现现代化,发挥好天津在区域经济长远发展中的作用,具有非常重要的战略意义.     

北京市二、三产业融合实证分析

随着北京工业高端化以及现代服务业、生产性服务业的不断壮大,北京二、三产业融合趋势日益显现.二、三产业间通过企业内部融合、产业链融合等方式,相互渗透、相互依赖,共同发展.本文从北京工业和服务业发展现状出发,通过定性、定量方式,对二、三产业融合情况进行界定与分析,深层次反映北京产业结构现状,为经济结构调整提供决策依据.     

汉语谚语语义性质及其关系研究

As the oldest and most frequently used conventional expressions,Chinese proverbs usually represent the way of thinking of the Chinese people.Metaphors,one typical type of Chinese proverbs,try to establish a relation of equality between two relatively dissimilar entities, such as time and money.The ability to understand and to use figurative language is related to one's social competence and professional achievement.In order to reveal the mechanism of proverb processing,the current study takes a close look at the nature of semantic properties and their inter-relationships in Chinese proverbs.522 Chinese sentential proverbs(the two clauses of the proverb are of the same syntax,e.g.,“人活脸,树活皮”)were presented to 360 university students.They were asked to rate the familiarity(1 for least familiar, 7 for most familiar), predictability(1 for least predictable, 7 for most predictable),agreement(1 for least matched between the two clauses,7 for most matched between the two clauses),degree of being understandable(1 for least understandable,7 for most understandable),and imaginability(1 for least imaginable,7 for most imaginable)based on a 7-point Likert Scale,as well as age of acquisition(AOA).Correlation and regression analysis were conducted based on these ratings. The results show a significant positive correlation between familiarity and each of the rest semantic properties,which are consistent with the findings of the previous work.A significant negative correlation between age of acquisition and each of the rest semantic properties is also observed in the current study.However,no significant correlation is found between familiarity and degree of being understandable,which might be due to the low rating of familiarity and the wide dispersity.In order to further reveal the inter-relationships of semantic properties, hierarchical regression analyses are carried out and show that familiarity,imaginabiltity,agreement,and age of acquisition significantly predict the degree of being understandable,while familiarity and age of acquisition significantly predict the predictability of proverbs. Our results demonstrate that familiarity and age of acquisition are two important factors which influence our understanding of Chinese proverbs. In addition, the semantic consistency between two clauses of a Chinese sentential proverb and degree of imagination also play an important role in understanding idiomatic strings.Imaginability is related to the theory of″Dual Coding,″which argues that visual and verbal information are processed differently and along distinct channels in the human mind, creating separate representations for information processed in each channel.The mental codes corresponding to these representations are used to organize incoming information that can be acted upon,stored,and retrieved for subsequent use.Both visual and verbal codes can be used when recalling information.The ability to code a stimulus in two different ways increases the chance of remembering that item compared to if the stimulus is only coded one way.Our results suggest that the processing of a Chinese proverb partially relies on the accessibility to visual code of a proverb which is primarily affected by culture. Therefore, Chinese culture could influence the understanding of Chinese proverbs. Specifically,in the creating process,a number of concrete concepts are used to express the abstract inter-relationships through their similarity,e.g.,the relationship between a person(人)and his/her reputation(脸)is similar to that between a tree(树)and its bark(皮).In other words,the reputation of a person is as important as the bark of a tree.In order to successfully understand the Chinese proverbs,it is important to learn about the deeper meanings of″face″and″reputation″in Chinese culture.That explains why the comprehension of a proverb is significantly associated with one's culture understanding.Based on the current study,more studies should be conducted with a focus on the understanding process of proverbs,which will help reveal the mental mechanism of Chinese and preserving Chinese culture.     

都江堰:统筹城乡再创奇迹

位于岷江上游的都江堰,是国际旅游名城.地震前,这里基础设施完善,资源丰富,产业基础良好,服务环境优良.都江堰市坚持运用统筹城乡的思路和办法推进灾后重建,着力打造灾后重建样板、城乡统筹综合配套改革和成都世界现代田园城市示范.按照"三年重建任务两年基本完成"的目标,都江堰市总投资398亿元的1031个灾后重建项目经过两年的艰苦奋战,累计竣工951个,竣工率达92%;累计完成投资359.8亿元,投资完成率达90.4%,项目投资额和建设进度均位居全省重灾区(市)县前列.     

逐步深化 拓展居家养老途径

小店区目前总人口57．63万，其中老年人口6．5万，占总人口的11．3％，空巢老人3．6万、失能老人1173人、高龄老人5113人。