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11.
Bernard Gendron Alain Hertz Patrick St-Louis 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2007,13(2):163-178
We consider the problem of orienting the edges of a graph so that the length of a longest path in the resulting digraph is
minimum. As shown by Gallai, Roy and Vitaver, this edge orienting problem is equivalent to finding the chromatic number of
a graph. We study various properties of edge orienting methods in the context of local search for graph coloring. We then
exploit these properties to derive four tabu search algorithms, each based on a different neighborhood. We compare these algorithms
numerically to determine which are the most promising and to give potential research directions. 相似文献
12.
The transnational solution developed by Bartlett and Ghoshal is shown to be suitable for only a few special cases of multinational enterprise (MNE) strategy and structure. As MNEs have most of their assets and sales within their home region, they are in need of regional, not transnational strategy and structure. Here we provide data on the regional dimension of assets and sales of the world’s largest 500 multinationals. We explore how the empirical reality of a regional concentration of assets and sales imposes a regional solution, rather than the transnational solution. 相似文献
13.
Alain Belanger 《Revue europeenne de demographie》1989,5(4):347-372
Multistate life table methods have been recognized as an excellent tool in the analysis of many types of transitions. Yet demographers have never been completely satisfied with the Markovian assumption and have stressed the importance of population heterogeneity. In marital status analysis, for example, the time spent in the current status is thought to be of first importance in determining transitions, but computational problems linked to the introduction of duration prevented any estimation of the bias in life table calculations arising from its omission. Building on recent developments in multistate demography, and using data from the 1984 Hungarian microcensus, this paper analyzes the impact that the introduction of duration-specific transitions has on the results of a multistate life table analysis of marital dissolution. The results show that the inclusion of duration has its greatest impact on the distribution of the stationary population between ages 25 and 35.Les tables de survie multi-états ont été reconnues comme un très bon instrument pour l'analyse de nombreux types de transitions. Cependant les démographes n'ont jamais été complètement satisfaits des hypothèses markoviennes et ont insisté sur l'importance de l'hétérogénéité des populations étudiées. Dans l'analyse par état matrimonial, par exemple, le temps passé dans l'état étudié est considéré comme de première importance dans la détermination des transitions. Cependant des problèmes de calcul liés à l'introduction de cette durée avaient empêché toute estimation des biais venant de son omission dans le calcul des tables de survie. Utilisant des développements récents en démographie multi-état et utilisant des données du micro-recensement hongrois de 1984, cet article analyse l'impact que l'introduction de transitions dépendant de la durée, a sur une analyse multi-état des dissolutions de mariages. Les résultats montrent que l'inclusion de la durée a un effet maximum sur la distribution de la population stationnaire, entre les âges de 25 at 35 ans. 相似文献
14.
We state sufficient conditions for asymptotic normality of convergent estimates of the conditional mode, irrespective of data dependence, and give an application to α-mixing stationary processes. 相似文献
15.
Antoine Billot Alain Chateauneuf Itzhak Gilboa Jean-Marc Tallou 《Statistical Papers》2002,43(1):127-136
Choquet expected utility maximizers tend to behave in a more “cautious” way than Bayesian agents, i. e. expected utility
maximizers. We illustrate this phenomenon in the particular case of betting behavior. Specifically, consider agents who are
Choquet expected utility maximizers. Then, if the economy is large, Pareto optimal allocations provide full insurance if and
only if the agents share at least on prior, i. e., if the intersection of the core of the capacities representing their beliefs is non empty. In the expected utility case,
this is true only if they have a common prior.
Received: July 2000; revised version: May 2001 相似文献
16.
Alain Euzéby 《International social security review》2004,57(2):107-117
Social protection is a part of human rights. I therefore believe it is important to react to the many reproaches levelled at it, which are undermining its legitimacy. This involves defending social protection, first and foremost in the name of its mission, its fundamental objectives and, consequently, the values upon which it is founded. After briefly reviewing the content of these values, I emphasize the fact that they should be promoted and cultivated at least as much as the economic values that are dominant in the world today. 相似文献
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In this article, small sample properties of the maximum-likelihood estimator (m.l.e.) for the offspring distribution (pk) and its mean m are considered in the context of the simple branching process. A representation theorem is given for the m.l.e. of (Pk) from which the m.l.e. of m is obtained. The case where p0 + p1 + p2 = 1 is studied in detail: numerical results are given for the exact bias of these estimators as a function of the age of the process; a curve fitting analysis expresses the bias of m? as a function of the mean and the variance of the offspring distribution and finally an “approximate m.l.e.” for (pk) is given. 相似文献
20.
Alain Boulanger 《Revue canadienne de statistique》1983,11(4):271-284
This paper is concerned with the estimation of a shift parameter δo, based on some nonnegative functional Hg1 of the pair (DδN(x), f?δN(x)), where DδN(x) = KN/b {F2,n(x)—F1,m (x + δ)}, +δN(x) = {mF1,m (x + δ) + nF2,n(x)}/N, where F1,m and F2,n are the empirical distribution functions of two independent random samples (N = m + n), and where K2N = mn/N. First an estimator δN, is defined as a value of δ minimizing a functional H of the type of H1. A second estimator δ1N is also defined which is a linearized version of the first. Finite and asymptotic properties of these estimators are considered. It is also shown that most well-known test statistics of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov type are particular cases of such functionals H1. The asymptotic distribution and the asymptotic efficiency of some estimators are given. 相似文献