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21.
Some learning environments show particular promise of creating pathways to postsecondary education, careers, and engaged citizenship for urban young adults from ages fifteen to twenty-four. 相似文献
22.
The present study examined age differences in exposure and reactivity to interpersonal tensions among white and black Americans.
Participants from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (NSDE II, n = 1,696 white and n = 239 black; ages 34–84) reported their experiences of daily interpersonal tensions and well-being (positive and negative
affect) over 8 days and provided salivary cortisol samples. A total of 40% of respondents reported having an argument and
62% reported avoiding an argument. Multilevel models estimated separately for black and white respondents revealed that older
people reported fewer interpersonal tensions (i.e., less exposure) than did younger people. However, age differences in reactivity
to tensions (e.g., appraisals, coping strategies, implications of tensions for affect and cortisol) varied by race. Although
older black respondents reported tensions were less stressful than younger black respondents, there were fewer age difference
in reactivity to tensions overall among black respondents compared with white respondents. Findings are consistent with the
exposure-reactivity model and gerontological theories of emotion regulation but show that the specific age differences vary
by race which may indicate unique strengths and vulnerabilities among whites and blacks. 相似文献
23.
Kelly D. Davis W. Benjamin Goodman Amy E. Pirretti David M. Almeida 《Journal of marriage and the family》2008,70(4):991-1003
Data from two studies assessed the effects of nonstandard work schedules on perceived family well‐being and daily stressors. Study 1, using a sample of employed, married adults aged 25 – 74 (n = 1,166) from the National Survey of Midlife in the United States, showed that night work was associated with perceptions of greater marital instability, negative family‐work, and work‐family spillover than weekend or daytime work. In Study 2, with a subsample of adults (n = 458) who participated in the National Study of Daily Experiences, weekend workers reported more daily work stressors than weekday workers. Several sociodemographic variables were tested as moderators. Both studies demonstrated that nonstandard work schedules place a strain on working, married adults at the global and daily level. 相似文献
24.
Danielle C. Morais Adiel Teixeira de Almeida 《Omega》2012,40(1):42-52
In problems to do with managing water resources multiple decision makers are involved, each acting in their own right and using different value systems. In the literature on management science, several procedures are proposed in order to establish a collective preference based on the aggregation of different individual preferences. However, the well-known methods that focus on a single winner have some inconveniences that should be addressed. This paper is focused on a group decision making procedure based on the analysis of individual rankings with the aim of choosing an appropriate alternative for a water resources problem. This alternative is found to be the best compromise from the points of view of all actors involved in the decision problem. The structure of the method is set out as is its application to the water resources problem. A comparison with other methods is presented and discussed. 相似文献
25.
Ana Isabel Vieira Ana Vanessa Ramos Luís Manuel Cavalheiro Patrícia Almeida Dália Nogueira Elisabeth Reis Maria Vânia Nunes Alexandre Castro-Caldas 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2016,40(4):363-377
Social touch is essential for physical and emotional well-being. However, different meanings can be attributed to physical contact during social interactions and may generate bonding or avoidant behaviors. This personal and unique experience is not usually taken into account in health and social care services. The aim of this study is to produce a valid and reliable European Portuguese version of the Social Touch Questionnaire (STQ, Wilhelm et al. in Biol Psychol 58:181–202, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S0301-0511(01)00113-2). The STQ is a self-report questionnaire for adolescents and adults measuring behaviors and attitudes towards social touch. The original version was translated into European Portuguese using a forward-back translation process and its feasibility was examined. To evaluate the psychometric properties, a total of 242 Portuguese university students participated in the study (21.3 ± 3.8 years). The STQ was considered feasible, showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .734), and the test–retest correlation with the STQ items demonstrated a high concordance between the tests over a two-week interval (ICC = .990; n = 50). Validity tests were performed, comparing the total score of the STQ with that of the anxiety and avoidance subscales of the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS). A very significant conceptual convergence was confirmed between the STQ and with the SIPAAS-Anxiety (r = .64; p < .0001) and with the SIPAAS-Avoidance (r = .59; p < .0001). The exploratory factor analysis, with Promax rotation, revealed 3 factors: dislike of physical touch, liking of familiar physical touch and liking of public physical touch (Cronbach’s alphas ranged from .68 to .75). Psychometric properties confirmed the adaptation of the STQ to the Portuguese culture. It is a reliable and valid self-report questionnaire and it appears to be a useful tool to assess behaviors and attitudes towards social touch. 相似文献
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27.
Almeida Derick R. C. Andrade João A. S. Duarte Adelaide Simões Marta 《Social indicators research》2022,159(1):145-167
Social Indicators Research - This paper examines human capital inequality and how it relates to earnings inequality in Portugal using data from Quadros de Pessoal for the period 1986–2017.... 相似文献
28.
Cristina Pinto Albuquerque Helena Da Silva Neves Santos Almeida 《European Journal of Social Work》2017,20(1):88-100
ABSTRACTEmpowerment is a concept widely used in several policy documents and is presented, in social work and social care professional universes, as an operative process to reduce vulnerability and to increase the power, or capabilities, of individuals and groups to make choices and to transform these into actions and results. However, to move beyond rhetoric and paternalistic practices, we need to understand what empowerment really means and implies in different contexts, and especially, how to evaluate what has changed (outcomes) or is changing (processes), both on an individual and a collective level. 相似文献
29.
Liberatory practices require that social workers think about categorical social stratification in terms of power hierarchies brought about through practices of individuals, cultures, and institutions. Our focus is on how scaffoldings of white supremacy impact organizational, structural, and professional interactions in social work. We provide examples and stories to illustrate operations of white supremacy and offer alternatives through a counter story. The counter-story reveals how transparency, accountability, and caucusing (with structured safeguards) support alliances that build transformative restructuring. We emphasize the importance of interrupting structures and translations of white supremacy on an ongoing basis. 相似文献
30.
Marina Fuertes Joana L. Gonalves Miguel Barbosa Rita Almeida Pedro Lopes-dos-Santos Marjorie Beeghly 《Infancy》2022,27(1):159-180
Infants born preterm (<37 gestational weeks, GW) are at increased risk for regulatory difficulties and insecure attachment. However, the association between infants' regulatory behavior patterns and their later attachment organization is understudied in the preterm population. We addressed this gap by utilizing a Portuguese sample of 202 mother–infant dyads. Specifically, we compared the regulatory behavior patterns of 74 infants born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT, 32–36 GW) to those of 128 infants born full-term (FT, 37–42 GW) and evaluated the associations of these regulatory patterns with later attachment. Infants' regulatory behavior patterns (Social-Positive Oriented, Distressed-Inconsolable, or Self-Comfort Oriented) were evaluated in the Face-to-Face-Still-Face paradigm at 3 months, and their attachment organization (secure, insecure-avoidant, or insecure-ambivalent) was evaluated in the Strange Situation at 12 months corrected age. In both samples, the Social-Positive-Oriented regulatory pattern was associated with secure attachment; the Distressed-Inconsolable pattern with insecure-ambivalent attachment; and the Self-Comfort-Oriented pattern with insecure-avoidant attachment. However, compared to FT infants, infants born MLPT were more likely to exhibit a Self-Comfort-Oriented pattern and avoidant attachment. Most perinatal and demographic variables were not related to infant outcomes. However, infants with a higher 1-min Apgar were more likely to exhibit the Social-Positive-Oriented regulatory pattern and secure attachment. 相似文献