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191.
Tarasuk Valerie Fafard St-Germain Andrée-Anne Loopstra Rachel 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2020,31(5):841-852
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Food banks have become the first line of response to problems of hunger and food insecurity in affluent nations. Although... 相似文献
192.
193.
Marcelo Ramos Martins Marco Aurélio Pestana Enrique Andrés López Droguett 《Risk analysis》2020,40(6):1279-1301
The market share of Tietê–Paraná inland waterway (TPIW) in the transport matrix of the São Paulo state, Brazil, is currently only 0.6%, but it is expected to increase to 6% over the next 20 years. In this scenario, to identify and explore potential undesired events a risk assessment is necessary. Part of this involves assigning the probability of occurrence of events, which usually is accomplished by a frequentist approach. However, in many cases, this approach is not possible due to unavailable or nonrepresentative data. This is the case of the TPIW that even though an expressive accident history is available, a frequentist approach is not suitable due to differences between current operational conditions and those met in the past. Therefore, a subjective assessment is an option as allows for working independently of the historical data, thus delivering more reliable results. In this context, this article proposes a methodology for assessing the probability of occurrence of undesired events based on expert opinion combined with fuzzy analysis. This methodology defines a criterion to weighting the experts and, using the fuzzy logic, evaluates the similarities among the experts’ beliefs to be used in the aggregation process before the defuzzification that quantifies the probability of occurrence of the events based on the experts’ opinion. Moreover, the proposed methodology is applied to the real case of the TPIW and the results obtained from the elicited experts are compared with a frequentist approach evidencing the impact on the results when considering different interpretations of the probability. 相似文献
194.
Min Chen Geňa Hahn André Raspaud Weifan Wang 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2012,24(3):299-318
A k-coloring of a graph G=(V,E) is a mapping c:V??{1,2,??,k}. The coloring c is injective if, for every vertex v??V, all the neighbors of v are assigned with distinct colors. The injective chromatic number ?? i (G) of G is the smallest k such that G has an injective k-coloring. In this paper, we prove that every K 4-minor free graph G with maximum degree ????1 has $\chi_{i}(G)\le \lceil \frac{3}{2}\Delta\rceil$ . Moreover, some related results and open problems are given. 相似文献
195.
This paper investigates the antecedents of adopting deferred compensation plans for corporate directors. Relying on agency
and network theories, we compare the economic and social characteristics of firms that have adopted a deferred share unit
plan for their directors over the 1997–2005 period (130 firms) to a control sample. Our findings show that firms where outside
directors have higher agency costs, firms having a block holder that owns a significant voting power, firms whose outside
directors serve on other boards having adopted deferred compensation plans, and firms that hire compensation consultants are
more likely to adopt a deferred share unit plan for their directors than other firms. These findings highlight the importance
of integrating economic and social perspectives when investigating the diffusion of compensation practices. 相似文献
196.
The least squares estimates of the parameters in the multistage dose-response model are unduly affected by outliers in a data set whereas the minimum sum of absolute errors, MSAE estimates are more resistant to outliers. Algorithms to compute the MSAE estimates can be tedious and computationally burdensome. We propose a linear approximation for the dose-response model that can be used to find the MSAE estimates by a simple and computationally less intensive algorithm. A few illustrative ex-amples and a Monte Carlo study show that we get comparable values of the MSAE estimates of the parameters in a dose-response model using the exact model and the linear approximation. 相似文献
197.
This short paper clarifies some aspects of the balancing method for state space modelling of observed time series. This method may fail to satisfy the so-called positive real condition for stochastic processes. We illustrate this by theoretical spectral analysis and also by simulating univariate ARMA (1,1) models. 相似文献
198.
Achleitner Ann-Kristin Bazhutov Dmitry Betzer André Block Joern Hosseini Florian 《Review of Managerial Science》2020,14(3):459-484
Review of Managerial Science - Some of the largest listed firms in Western and Northern Europe are partly owned by foundations. So far, little research exists about the shareholder value effects of... 相似文献
199.
Péter Áron Seress Gábor Sándor Krisztina Vincze Ernő Klucsik Krisztián Pál Liker András 《Urban Ecosystems》2020,23(6):1311-1319
Urban Ecosystems - Alternation of day and night is the oldest cycle on Earth, which is increasingly disturbed by the accelerating rate of urbanization and technological development. Despite the... 相似文献
200.
Stéfanie André 《Social indicators research》2014,115(3):963-982
Political trust is seen as an important attribute in contemporary representative democracy. Political trust can cause social trust, foster associational life and make the efficient implementation of policy easier. Political trust can also be seen as a measure of political integration of migrants in Europe. However, if we want to measure this, we need to know for sure that we measure the same concept in all countries and among all cultural groups under research. This paper describes and tests four (existing) models of political trust. We find that there are multiple dimensions of political trust that can be modeled in a structural equation model. Furthermore, we research the cross-cultural equivalence of this measurement model in 22 European Union countries among natives, EU-migrants and non-EU migrants in these countries. Our results indicate that we can compare levels of political trust within countries pretty well, however, we should be careful comparing levels of political trust between EU countries since full scalar equivalence could not be reached. On a substantive note, we find quite some differences between the EU countries concerning the political trust natives have and we find diverging results concerning the migrants. In most countries we did not find a significant difference between migrants and natives. However, when the difference was significant, migrants showed higher levels of political trust in most instances. 相似文献