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51.
Stenchly Kathrin Waongo Antoine Schaeper Wolfgang Nyarko George Buerkert Andreas 《Urban Ecosystems》2019,22(2):397-408
Urban Ecosystems - High urbanization pressure in Sub-Saharan Africa led to changes in the composition and configuration of rural and peri-urban agricultural production systems and to the... 相似文献
52.
Rolland Munro 《The Sociological review》2001,49(4):473-493
This article questions how accounts are marked. In asking why some accounts ‘pass muster’ and others fail, the analysis brings into focus the extent to which membership work helps hold the social and the technical apart. The analysis contrasts a long insistence on narrative forms of interaction as defining conditions of co‐presence with numerical regimes in which there is an implicit deletion of social contact under fashionable slogans like ‘action at a distance’. Taking numbers to act as ‘bearers of culture’, the paper contests the idea that numerical forms of accountability delete the membership work traditionally associated with narrative forms of account. Attending closely to ‘occasions’ in which it is appropriate for members to deploy numerical accounts rather than verbal accounts, the argument challenges the idea that a face to face negotiation of social order has been superceded by a pervasive use of perfonnance targets. The article begins by exploring how ‘calls to account’ are created by a reporting of adverse budget variatices within organizations. Using an extended example to consider how such ‘gaps’ affect a manager's conduct towards a spouse who is sick, the analysis shows how the use of numbers becomes crucial to sustaining one's affiliation across a range of memberships. As illustrated, the rehabilitation of numerical artefacts into conceptions of the social greatly expands possibilities for interaction beyond that anticipated by the sociological ideal of ‘co‐presence’. 相似文献
53.
In the first section of this article, the authors Christel Gilles and Antoine Parent, argue that in France, public policy
and the pension system provide financial incentives favoring early retirement. The implementation of “bridge jobs” to facilitate
the transition from full employment to full retirement, could, in theory, lessen the long-term decline in employment rates
of men and women. Gilles and Parent, in the second section, question the idea that rising labor force participation rates
among women are adequate to narrow pension inequalities between men and women. Regarding this point, we also note that since
women's careers are generally shorter than men's and their labor income remains, on average, lower, an increase, in female
labor force participation would lead, in an occupational-based system, to a substitution effect between direct and indirect
entitlements. The impact of this effect on pension gender inequalities remains uncertain. In the third section, the authors
examine, from a gender perspective, other pension reform options that may, in theory, provide greater gender equality, but
that are, in practice, far from the implementation phase. 相似文献
54.
Antoine Pécoud 《Immigrants & Minorities》2013,31(2-3):247-261
This essay discusses the impact of self-employment on immigrants' incorporation in the host society. It focuses on empirical material coming from Turkish migrants' business activities in Germany. After introducing the main features of contemporary German-Turkish entrepreneurship, the essay presents its socio-economic and cultural consequences for the Turkish minority. Relying on the numerous debates that can be found in the literature, it argues that this impact is ambivalent. In some cases, business ownership may constitute a way of achieving upward social mobility and a path towards a harmonious and pluralistic integration. But it is also frequently a reaction to disadvantage that fosters immigrants' socio-professional vulnerability and that may then lead to ghettoization. The essay then attempts to understand the reasons behind these divergent interpretations and suggests that they lie in the intermediary nature of trade, which is an activity that may connect people from different backgrounds but only in a limited way. Ethnographic observations and the concept of ‘plural societies’ are used to address this aspect of business. The conclusion suggests that, given the globally inferior position of Turkish immigrants, business might not be enough to enable them to catch up. 相似文献
55.
Antoine Decoville 《Planning Practice and Research》2018,33(1):70-85
The use of indicators to assess the impacts of spatial planning policies has experienced a strong increase in the last decades, despite the difficulties to identify clear causality links in this discipline. The aim of this article is to critically reflect on the impacts of such a phenomenon on spatial planning policies and practices. In order to do so, it explores the issue of land take and how the European Community has set up a policy objective, based on an indicator, to try to tackle the phenomenon. 相似文献
56.
Sanjay Reddy Antoine Heuty 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2008,26(1):5-28
This article argues that, although effective strategic choices for achieving global development goals need to be based on assessments of the costs and benefits of alternative approaches, existing methods of arriving at such assessments are highly unreliable, in particular deriving from implausible and restrictive assumptions and often depending on data of poor quality, and on the pretence that the future can be adequately known. Such weaknesses can be mitigated, but not easily overcome, without abandoning deeply held technocratic presumptions. 相似文献
57.
Damien Brevers Axel Cleeremans Antoine Bechara Max Greisen Charles Kornreich Paul Verbanck Xavier Noël 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2014,30(1):141-152
Impaired insight into behavior may be one of the clinical characteristics of pathological gambling. In the present study, we tested whether the capacity to evaluate accurately the quality of one’s own decisions during a non-gambling task was impaired in problem gamblers. Twenty-five problem gamblers and 25 matched healthy participants performed an artificial grammar-learning paradigm, in which the quality of choice remains uncertain throughout the task. After each trial of this task, participants had to indicate how confident they were in the grammaticality judgements using a scale ranging from 1 (low confidence) to 7 (high confidence). Results showed that (i), problem gamblers’ performance on the grammaticality test was lower than controls’; (ii) there was a significant correlation between grammaticality judgments and confidence for control participants, which indicates metacognitive insight and the presence of conscious knowledge; (iii) this correlation was not significant in problem gamblers, which suggests a disconnection between performance and confidence in this group. These findings suggest that problem gamblers are impaired in their metacognitive abilities on a non-gambling task, which suggests that compulsive gambling is associated with poor insight as a general factor. Clinical interventions tailored to improve metacognition in gambling could be a fruitful avenue of research in order to prevent pathological gambling. 相似文献
58.
Xavier Noël Mélanie Saeremans Charles Kornreich Antoine Bechara Nematollah Jaafari Carole Fantini-Hauwel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2018,34(4):1049-1066
A great number of individuals with persistent problematic gambling behavior exhibit alexithymic tendencies, greater impulsivity, impaired working memory and poor mood. However, the relationship between these cognitive, affective and personality factors in problem gambling remains poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate multiple pathways of the alexithymia and problem gambling relationship. One hundred and six male subjects with different levels of gambling problem severity were recruited. Alexithymia, impulsivity and verbal working memory were evaluated, and their relationships to disordered gambling was examined by means of a path analysis. Results indicate that alexithymia is related to an increase in the severity of gambling indirectly, i.e., through distress severity. In addition, a rise of alexithymic tendencies was also associated with problem gambling severity through enhanced impulsivity that directly increased distress. Working memory capacity failed to significantly impact our path model. Overall, our findings contribute a new finding to the literature by highlighting the importance of alexithymia, in addition to impulsivity, in the understanding of gambling problem severity and its clinical course. 相似文献
59.
The study investigates the relationship between premigration experiences with autocracy and immigrants' participation in politics in the host country. Using a survey of about 2000 immigrants in Quebec (Canada) interviewed over telephone or with an online questionnaire, it assesses two possible pathways regarding the effect of premigration with autocracy on participation in the host country politics. One pathway emphasizes a reluctance to participate where experiences with autocracy would hinder participation in the host country. The second pathway posits a reluctance to disclosure where experiences with autocracy leave immigrants with a lasting hesitation to reveal the extent of their participation. Our findings lend weak support for a reluctance to participate and instead suggest a reluctance to disclosure. These findings raise questions about our capacity to accurately portray the preferences and behaviours of immigrants, here those who experienced autocracy in the country of origin, and highlight the sensitivity of findings regarding immigrant integration to interview modes. 相似文献
60.
Antoine Bilodeau Stephen E. White Luc Turgeon Ailsa Henderson 《International migration (Geneva, Switzerland)》2020,58(2):272-288
Immigrants’ sense of belonging to their host communities is viewed as a core condition for their successful inclusion, but there is no consensus on which attributes of belonging are most relevant to understanding inclusion, nor is there agreement on how the sense of belonging ought to be measured empirically. This study examines how two related but independent dimensions of belonging help to better understand the political inclusion of visible minority immigrants in Canada. More specifically, it examines the role of feeling attached (immigrants’ feeling toward the host community) and the role of feeling accepted (immigrants’ sense of how their host communities feel about them). We assess the relationship between attachment, acceptance and political inclusion for both first- and second-generation visible minority Canadians; the results suggest there is analytical value in utilising separate measures of attachment and acceptance: political inclusion is more likely when both are stronger. 相似文献