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31.
Francesca Greselin Salvatore Ingrassia Antonio Punzo 《Statistical Methods and Applications》2011,20(2):141-170
This paper extends the scedasticity comparison among several groups of observations, usually complying with the homoscedastic
and the heteroscedastic cases, in order to deal with data sets laying in an intermediate situation. As is well known, homoscedasticity
corresponds to equality in orientation, shape and size of the group scatters. Here our attention is focused on two weaker
requirements: scatters with the same orientation, but with different shape and size, or scatters with the same shape and size
but different orientation. We introduce a multiple testing procedure that takes into account each of the above conditions.
This approach discloses a richer information on the data underlying structure than the classical method only based on homo/heteroscedasticity.
At the same time, it allows a more parsimonious parametrization, whenever the patterned model is appropriate to describe the
real data. The new inferential methodology is then applied to some well-known data sets, chosen in the multivariate literature,
to show the real gain in using this more informative approach. Finally, a wide simulation study illustrates and compares the
performance of the proposal using data sets with gradual departure from homoscedasticity. 相似文献
32.
Clarissa C. David Jenna Mae L. Atun Antonio G. M. La Vi?a 《Population research and policy review》2012,31(2):297-319
This paper investigates the political framing of population in policy discourse through an analysis of legislative documents.
Semantic network analysis was conducted and results were interpreted through discourse analysis of the typical arguments identified.
Policy texts were classified into three sets: population management, reproductive health and family planning, and anti-abortion
and anti-FP. While the “population management” frame focuses on social and economic consequences of population growth, the
“reproductive health” frame defines the problem from a health perspective. Both policies propose aggressive FP programs but
each frame uses distinct political rhetoric and semantic approach in its arguments. The “anti-abortion and anti-FP” frame
identifies two problems: rise in incidence of abortion and existing policy that prohibit health professionals from refusing
patients information on contraception. By invoking a moral argument and anchoring on rights, these policies challenge the
problem and solutions identified by the first two frames. 相似文献
33.
Rafael Pino-Mejías Mercedes Carrasco-Mairena Antonio Pascual-Acosta María-Dolores Cubiles-De-La-Vega Joaquín Muñoz-García 《Journal of applied statistics》2008,35(3):233-244
The main models of machine learning are briefly reviewed and considered for building a classifier to identify the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). We have analyzed 172 patients potentially affected by FXS in Andalusia (Spain) and, by means of a DNA test, each member of the data set is known to belong to one of two classes: affected, not affected. The whole predictor set, formed by 40 variables, and a reduced set with only nine predictors significantly associated with the response are considered. Four alternative base classification models have been investigated: logistic regression, classification trees, multilayer perceptron and support vector machines. For both predictor sets, the best accuracy, considering both the mean and the standard deviation of the test error rate, is achieved by the support vector machines, confirming the increasing importance of this learning algorithm. Three ensemble methods - bagging, random forests and boosting - were also considered, amongst which the bagged versions of support vector machines stand out, especially when they are constructed with the reduced set of predictor variables. The analysis of the sensitivity, the specificity and the area under the ROC curve agrees with the main conclusions extracted from the accuracy results. All of these models can be fitted by free R programs. 相似文献
34.
The paper defines a measure on the set of stable matchings in the marriage problem. This measure is based on the minimization of the envy difference between the sets of men and women, while preserving stability and selects stable matchings with the least conflict of interest between both groups of agents. The solution concept proposed is called Sex-equal Matching (SEM) and the paper also provides an algorithm to compute the set of SEM. 相似文献
35.
Antonio Di Crescenzo Maria Longobardi 《Journal of statistical planning and inference》2009,139(12):4072-4087
In analogy with the cumulative residual entropy recently proposed by Wang et al. [2003a. A new and robust information theoretic measure and its application to image alignment. In: Information Processing in Medical Imaging. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2732, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 388–400; 2003b. Cumulative residual entropy, a new measure of information and its application to image alignment. In: Proceedings on the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV’03), vol. 1, IEEE Computer Society Press, Silver Spring, MD, pp. 548–553], we introduce and study the cumulative entropy, which is a new measure of information alternative to the classical differential entropy. We show that the cumulative entropy of a random lifetime X can be expressed as the expectation of its mean inactivity time evaluated at X. Hence, our measure is particularly suitable to describe the information in problems related to ageing properties of reliability theory based on the past and on the inactivity times. Our results include various bounds to the cumulative entropy, its connection to the proportional reversed hazards model, and the study of its dynamic version that is shown to be increasing if the mean inactivity time is increasing. The empirical cumulative entropy is finally proposed to estimate the new information measure. 相似文献
36.
Cristina Goenechea Permisán José Antonio García Fernández 《Intercultural Education》2007,18(3):207-213
During the last few years, changes in the Spanish educational system have had a far reaching impact. Several factors have been critical: (1) the progressive decentralization of education by the government, now a responsibility of regional governments; (2) the extension of compulsory education to the age of 16; and finally (3) the increase in the number of immigrant students, which has significantly added to the existing cultural diversity. The enrolment of immigrant students in Spanish schools is a relatively recent phenomenon (starting 15 years ago) when compared with other European countries. Madrid is the region in Spain with the largest number of students. As most of these students were born outside of Spain, we cannot yet speak of a second generation. The research described here investigated how the educational system in Madrid confronted the challenge of an increasing number of immigrant students. The institutional response was the Madrid Regional Government’s Compensatory Education Regional Plan. This encompasses several measures, which are described here. After a critical analysis of educational policies pertaining to immigrant pupils, the paper suggests ways of overcoming a purely compensatory approach. Intercultural education plays a key role is such considerations. 相似文献
37.
38.
Sheri R. Levy Antonio L. Freitas Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton Heather Kugelmass 《Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy》2006,6(1):75-85
The Protestant work ethic (PWE), the belief that hard work leads to success, is a quintessentially American belief. The present research addresses a critical gap in psychological research on PWE: can a single, large-scale sociopolitical event (government's response to Hurricane Katrina) produce changes in PWE? We review evidence showing that the salience of Katrina led to a reduction in African Americans' (not European Americans') endorsement of PWE and that this result appears explained by African Americans' greater belief in the government's inadequate response to Katrina victims, who were predominately African American. The implications of differential endorsement of PWE for future expectations of societal treatment, motivation to pursue important goals, and willingness to endorse structural corrections of inequality are discussed. 相似文献
39.
Hartigan (1975) defines the number q of clusters in a d ‐variate statistical population as the number of connected components of the set {f > c}, where f denotes the underlying density function on Rd and c is a given constant. Some usual cluster algorithms treat q as an input which must be given in advance. The authors propose a method for estimating this parameter which is based on the computation of the number of connected components of an estimate of {f > c}. This set estimator is constructed as a union of balls with centres at an appropriate subsample which is selected via a nonparametric density estimator of f. The asymptotic behaviour of the proposed method is analyzed. A simulation study and an example with real data are also included. 相似文献
40.