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331.
We revisit the concept of fairness in the Student Placement framework. We declare an allocation as \(\upalpha \)-equitable if no agent can propose an alternative allocation that nobody else might argue to be inequitable. It turns out that \(\upalpha \)-equity is compatible with efficiency. Our analysis fills a gap in the literature by giving normative support to the allocations improving, in terms of efficiency, the Student Optimal Stable allocation. 相似文献
332.
Stefano Favaro Antonio Lijoi Ramsés H. Mena Igor Prünster 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》2009,71(5):993-1008
Summary. A Bayesian non-parametric methodology has been recently proposed to deal with the issue of prediction within species sampling problems. Such problems concern the evaluation, conditional on a sample of size n , of the species variety featured by an additional sample of size m . Genomic applications pose the additional challenge of having to deal with large values of both n and m . In such a case the computation of the Bayesian non-parametric estimators is cumbersome and prevents their implementation. We focus on the two-parameter Poisson–Dirichlet model and provide completely explicit expressions for the corresponding estimators, which can be easily evaluated for any sizes of n and m . We also study the asymptotic behaviour of the number of new species conditionally on the observed sample: such an asymptotic result, combined with a suitable simulation scheme, allows us to derive asymptotic highest posterior density intervals for the estimates of interest. Finally, we illustrate the implementation of the proposed methodology by the analysis of five expressed sequence tags data sets. 相似文献
333.
Gisela Tunes-da-Silva Antonio C. Pedroso-de-Lima Pranab K. Sen 《Lifetime data analysis》2009,15(2):216-240
We discuss the estimation of the expected value of the quality-adjusted survival, based on multistate models. We generalize
an earlier work, considering the sojourn times in health states are not identically distributed, for a given vector of covariates.
Approaches based on semiparametric and parametric (exponential and Weibull distributions) methodologies are considered. A
simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimator and the jackknife resampling method is
used to estimate the variance of such estimator. An application to a real data set is also included. 相似文献
334.
335.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to provide an analytical survey of the historical and normative evolution of the Italian Cassa Integrazione Guadagni (hereafter Earnings Integration Fund or EIF) through examination of the prevalent economic and juridical models during the 40 years of the EIF's existence. The evolution of the EIF in the periods examined is classified according to five theoretical models, so as to bring out the many different standards accumulated during the administration of the EIF, and the many measures adopted by Public Authorities in response to the various requirements which have arisen over time. The result is an overall reference framework for the EIF's present administration, which is characterised by the presence of both the need for various reforms and alterations, and an equal number of ways of carrying them out; from the development of an ever more direct link between crisis situations and specific EIF requirements, and the evident need to bring the institution within a normative framework correlated to a global labour policy. A verification of the different methods of utilising the EIF is therefore, for the authors, utilizable in defining suitable solutions for modern situations, which require effective EIF models to be worked out in conjunction with an appropriate mix of active labour policies. 相似文献
336.
Idemauro Antonio Rodrigues de Lara John Hinde Cesar Augusto Taconeli 《统计学通讯:模拟与计算》2019,48(4):1019-1039
We present global and local likelihood-based tests to evaluate stationarity in transition models. Three motivational studies are considered. A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the proposed tests. The results showed that they present good performance with the control of the type-I error, especially for ordinal responses, and control of the type-II error, especially for the nominal case. Asymptotically they are close to the classical test performance. They can be executed in a single framework without the need to estimate the transition probabilities, incorporating both categorical and continuous covariates, and used to identify sources of non-stationarity. 相似文献
337.
Enrique Fatás Francisca Jiménez Antonio J. Morales 《Journal of Risk and Uncertainty》2011,43(3):227-243
Learning literature typically assumes that initial attractions to choose each possible alternative are given exogenously.
However, evidence shows that current behaviour depends on past experiences. In this paper, we design an experiment to control
for the initial experience in decisions from experience by providing decision makers with an exogenous history (successful
vs. unsuccessful) prior to initiating the decision task. Moreover, varying the initial endowment level for fixed histories
we investigate the income effect. We are also interested in analysing the duration of both effects (history and income). We
find significant treatment effects in the sense that more risk taking behaviour is associated with good histories and with
low income levels. According to previous literature, our results confirm the transitory nature of both effects, although the
duration of the income effect doubles the duration of the history effect. In the long run, risky choice behaviour converges
across different treatments. 相似文献
338.
Glaydston Mattos Ribeiro Luiz Antonio Nogueira Lorena 《Journal of Combinatorial Optimization》2008,15(2):147-164
This paper proposes a column generation approach for the Point-Feature Cartographic Label Placement problem (PFCLP). The column
generation is based on a Lagrangean relaxation with clusters proposed for problems modeled by conflict graphs. The PFCLP can
be represented by a conflict graph where vertices are positions for each label and edges are potential overlaps between labels
(vertices). The conflict graph is decomposed into clusters forming a block diagonal matrix with coupling constraints that
is known as a restricted master problem (RMP) in a Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition context. The clusters’ sub-problems are similar
to the PFCLP and are used to generate new improved columns to RMP. This approach was tested on PFCLP instances presented in
the literature providing in reasonable times better solutions than all those known and determining optimal solutions for some
difficult large-scale instances. 相似文献
339.
This paper studies penalized quantile regression for dynamic panel data with fixed effects, where the penalty involves l1 shrinkage of the fixed effects. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, we present evidence that the penalty term reduces the dynamic panel bias and increases the efficiency of the estimators. The underlying intuition is that there is no need to use instrumental variables for the lagged dependent variable in the dynamic panel data model without fixed effects. This provides an additional use for the shrinkage models, other than model selection and efficiency gains. We propose a Bayesian information criterion based estimator for the parameter that controls the degree of shrinkage. We illustrate the usefulness of the novel econometric technique by estimating a “target leverage” model that includes a speed of capital structure adjustment. Using the proposed penalized quantile regression model the estimates of the adjustment speeds lie between 3% and 44% across the quantiles, showing strong evidence that there is substantial heterogeneity in the speed of adjustment among firms. 相似文献
340.
B. Douglas Bernheim Antonio Rangel Luis Rayo 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2006,74(5):1161-1190
We examine legislative policy making in institutions with two empirically relevant features: agenda setting occurs in real time and the default policy evolves. We demonstrate that these institutions select Condorcet winners when they exist, provided a sufficient number of individuals have opportunities to make proposals. In policy spaces with either pork barrel or pure redistributional politics (where a Condorcet winner does not exist), the last proposer is effectively a dictator or near‐dictator under relatively weak conditions. 相似文献