Gender in Academic Career Tracks: The Case of Korean Biochemists

How important is academic performance in obtaining a tenure‐track position in academic science? I use data on Korean biochemists and analyze them from both institutionalist and gender perspectives. In so doing, I illustrate the ways academic performance and gender interact with one another to maintain a gender barrier for Ph.D.s entering an academic career. The main findings are as follows. First, academic productivity did influence the job market outcomes, but the male scientists benefited from publications in both SCI and non‐SCI journals, whereas the female scientists benefited only from those in SCI journals. I also found a positive effect of overseas doctoral training only for the female scientists. Such analysis suggests that women as a minority in academic science are pressured to prove their legitimacy through more rigorous criteria of academic performance. Thus, ostensibly gender‐neutral rules of academic performance can be applied in such a way as to maintain gender inequality.     

Association between sexually explicit messages and sleep health among French sexual minority men

It has been demonstrated that sexual minority men (SMM) participate in sexting. While research has shown that engagement in the exchange of sexually explicit media is associated with poor health outcomes, no previous research has investigated its association with sleep health outcomes. This study sought to examine the association between sexually explicit media and sleep health among SMM, a population that suffers from poor sleep health. A popular geosocial networking application was used to recruit SMM individuals (N?=?580) in the Paris, France, metropolitan area. Multivariate analyses, adjusting for sociodemographics, were used to test the association between the frequency of sexually explicit messaging and three dimensions of sleep health: (1) sleep quality, (2) sleep duration, and (3) two aspects of sleep problems. In multivariate analyses, those who reported engaging in sexually explicit messaging more were more likely to report getting less than seven?hours of sleep (aRR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) compared with those who reported engaging in sexually explicit messaging less. No significant associations were found between sexting and sleep quality or reporting sleep problems. Sexually explicit messaging was associated with shorter sleep duration. Intervention targeted at individuals who sext could potentially improve sleep health outcomes.     

NEGOTIATING CONTINUITY: Family and Religious Socialization for Second-Generation Asian Americans

This article examines second-generation Asian Americans' explanations of the significant influences on their own religious identities. Data include interviews (N = 73) with college-aged Asian Americans from different religious traditions and ethnic backgrounds. Respondents viewed families as the most significant influence on current religiosity. Mothers and fathers were mentioned most often, followed by extended kin, siblings, and relatives, who acted as what we call "reinforcers,""substitutes," or "contrasts" to the roles that parents played in religious socialization. These roles occurred along two religious configurations within families: heterogeneous or homogeneous degrees of religious commitment and religious affiliation. Directions for future research and contributions to the religious transmission literature follow.     

Single Parenthood and Children’s Reading Performance in Asia

Using the data from Program for International Student Assessment, I examine the gap in reading performance between 15‐year‐old students in single‐parent and intact families in 5 Asian countries in comparison to the United States. The ordinary least square regression analyses show negligible disadvantages of students with a single parent in Hong Kong and Korea, once students’ demographic characteristics and socioeconomic background are held constant. Students in single‐parent families in Indonesia and Thailand outperform their peers in intact families. The negative effect of single parenthood remains significant in Japan, even after parent‐child communication is controlled. Interpreting the weak effect of single parenthood in the Asian countries, I consider extended family systems and the relatively high proportion of widowhood among causes of single parenthood.     

International and Intersectoral R&D Spillovers in the OECD and East Asian Economies

This study empirically explores international and intersectoral R&D spillover effects on the total factor productivity growth of manufacturing and nonmanufacturing sectors based on a pooled time-series data set of 14 OECD economies and 3 East Asian economies—Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. The study finds that foreign manufacturing R&D has strong influence on domestic productivity growths of both sectors and that domestic manufacturing R&D has a substantial intersectoral R&D spillover effect on domestic nonmanufacturing productivity growth. The social rates of return to manufacturing R&D are estimated to be two to six times greater than the private rates of return.     

冷战后美国的“价值观输出”

“价值观输出”始终存在于美国的对外政策之中,冷战后,美国更加重视以“美国式的自由民主价值观”来整合社会主义国家和广大发展中国家,冷战后美国的价值观的输出主要围绕着“建立美国价值观主导下的世界新秩序”的战略目标,在实现手法上表现出由温和到强硬的发展态势,美国价值观输出的实质是美国当局追求国家利益的工具,美国政府对价值观输出的高度重视有其深刻的思想根源、经济动因和政治动因。     

An exploratory data analysis in scale-space for interval-valued data

We propose an exploratory data analysis approach when data are observed as intervals in a nonparametric regression setting. The interval-valued data contain richer information than single-valued data in the sense that they provide both center and range information of the underlying structure. Conventionally, these two attributes have been studied separately as traditional tools can be readily used for single-valued data analysis. We propose a unified data analysis tool that attempts to capture the relationship between response and covariate by simultaneously accounting for variability present in the data. It utilizes a kernel smoothing approach, which is conducted in scale-space so that it considers a wide range of smoothing parameters rather than selecting an optimal value. It also visually summarizes the significance of trends in the data as a color map across multiple locations and scales. We demonstrate its effectiveness as an exploratory data analysis tool for interval-valued data using simulated and real examples.     

Testing lack of symmetry in spatial–temporal processes

Symmetry and separability of a covariance function are common assumptions to simplify the modeling effort of spatial–temporal processes. However, many studies in environmental sciences show that real data have complex spatial–temporal dependency structures resulting from lack of symmetry or violation of other standard assumptions of the covariance function. In this study, we propose new formal tests for lack of symmetry by using spectral representations of the spatial–temporal covariance functions of regularly spaced spatial–temporal data. The advantage of the proposed tests is that classical analysis of variance (ANOVA) models can be used for detecting lack of symmetry inherent in spatial–temporal processes. We evaluate the performance of the tests with simulation studies and we apply them to air pollution data.     

浅析周作人作品对夏目漱石的受容

周作人与日本文学的关系一直以来都备受瞩目。周作人将“余裕”作为漱石文学的特色,最为看重和推崇的也是以《我是猫》为代表的能够体现“余裕”特色的前期作品。其闲适文学观深得“余裕”论神髓,但他对于“余裕”论的片面理解则消极影响了文学创作。