A log rank type test in observational survival studies with stratified sampling

In randomized clinical trials, the log rank test is often used to test the null hypothesis of the equality of treatment-specific survival distributions. In observational studies, however, the ordinary log rank test is no longer guaranteed to be valid. In such studies we must be cautious about potential confounders; that is, the covariates that affect both the treatment assignment and the survival distribution. In this paper, two cases were considered: the first is when it is believed that all the potential confounders are captured in the primary database, and the second case where a substudy is conducted to capture additional confounding covariates. We generalize the augmented inverse probability weighted complete case estimators for treatment-specific survival distribution proposed in Bai et al. (Biometrics 69:830–839, 2013) and develop the log rank type test in both cases. The consistency and double robustness of the proposed test statistics are shown in simulation studies. These statistics are then applied to the data from the observational study that motivated this research.     

不同震级作用下的设备 结构动力相互作用体系地震反应分析

为研究是否考虑设备 结构动力相互作用在不同地震阶段的差别,对建筑结构中常见的设备 结构相互作用体系进行了小震、中震和大震阶段的地震时程反应分析。分析了不同震级作用下考虑相互作用后给结构与设备的地震反应带来的变化。结果表明：考虑设备 结构动力相互作用与不考虑相互作用相比,结构的地震反应有较明显的区别,设备的地震反应有很大的区别,处于完全失真的状态。大震阶段由于设备和结构均进入了弹塑性阶段,刚度等主要参数发生了变化,导致动力相互作用的影响降低。虽然设备质量占结构总地震质量的比例很小,但仍会对结构位移与内力造成较大的影响。     

话语标记“你说你”

"你说你"分布在"X+‘你说你’+(Y)"语境中,X表示言语交际中听话人实施的动作或发出的话语,Y表示说话人对X的认识、评价或要求;说话人的主观态度Y是对听话人X的负面评价。"你说你"具有话语提示、话题转接和话题评述三种话语功能,话题评述即"你说你"标示说话人对听话人言行的否定和责怪是其核心功能。"你说你"的形成经历了从"截断块"到"认知情态结构体"再到"话语标记"的过程,是词汇化、语法化和主观化交互作用的结果。"你说"、负面评价和人称代词"你"等是"你说你"形成和产生的诱因。     

论宪法中的权界式公民义务规范

以义务性规范的形式对宪法权利作出的限制规定,就是宪法中的权界式公民义务规范,它有概括限制型和具体限制型两种类型。宪法权利的法律保留限制式规定,不应视为公民义务规范。权界式义务规范在创设目的、出现位置、表述转换等方面与明示式义务规范有着重大区别。权界式义务规范附属于公民宪法权利规范本身,它可以转换成非义务性的表述,其实质是表示权利应当有所约束。关于宪法权利之限制规定能否被视为公民义务规范的争议,可通过形式与实质的双重视角予以化解。     

陈独秀爱国主义思想述要

陈独秀认为,健全的爱国主义应该具有三个特点:其一是所爱对象为民主之国,值得去爱;其二是爱国方式符合理性,能顺应国家的形势要求;其三是爱国落实在私德之上,完善自我就是爱国。     

Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods. We report on ethnographic elicitation interviews conducted with women working within informal sex-work establishments (hotels, massage and beauty parlors, roadside restaurants, boarding houses). We discuss implications of these findings for further promotion of woman-initiated prevention methods such as microbicides and female condoms among female sex workers in China.     

长途乘客出行行为分析——以天津为例

随着城市社会经济的快速发展,公路主枢纽规划所面临的形势发生了重要变化,规划的理念也需要更新,因此许多主枢纽城市已经完成或正在进行公路主枢纽规划修编工作.     

天津城市游憩商业区(RBD)初步研究

一、问题的提出 随着经济的发展和信息时代的来临,城市越来越以多样化的功能显示出其区域核心的地位,城市不仅担当起区域经济、文化、政治、信息服务的中心,更成为旅游活动的中心,而且旅游中心的功能作为城市共性的功能会随着城市的发展得到不断强化.     

Ethnic Identities under the Tourist Gaze

This paper examines the construction of Bai ethnicity and Bai identity on the tourist market in Dali, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China. Focusing on how the social landscape of Dali has changed in response to the development of tourism, this paper explores how Bai ethnicity is advocated as a product loaded with potential economic values. The author discovers that ‘commerce of authenticity’ (T. Oakes, Tourism and modernity in China. London, Routledge, 1998 Oakes, T. 1998. Tourism and modernity in China, London: Routledge.  [Google Scholar]), and different forms of ethnicity and artefacts promoted in the tourist market have not drowned out the sense of being ethnically Bai. Instead, the tourist industry has become a daily reminder of ethnicity to both insiders and outsiders by making people more self-conscious and reflexive about the ‘cultural stuff’ that they may have previously taken for granted, or may have left unattended. This paper demonstrates how locals actively appropriate state-defined categories and reshape them into the repertoire they desire.     

开放发展视野的外贸轨迹与取向:例证沿海两个地级市

外贸结构的优劣影响着开放型经济的发展水平。作为东部沿海地区开放型经济快速发展的两个重要地级市,盐城和威海在地理位置、资源禀赋、经济总量等诸多方面有着高度的相似性。这里从两市出口结构、产品结构、市场结构、贸易方式结构、市场主体结构五个方面比较分析了盐城与威海两市的贸易结构,结果表明,两市的外贸结构既有相似性又有差异性。东部沿海地区应从盐城、威海两市比较中得到启示:优化进出口结构,强化进口对经济的溢出效应;优化贸易方式结构,促进新型贸易方式发展;优化产品结构,提高进出口产品档次;优化市场结构,扩大贸易市场空间。