The role of litigation in human research accountability

This essay examines and analyzes the recent and dramatic series of personal injury lawsuits instituted against those individuals and institutions that conduct and monitor human research. It discusses the social engineering functions of tort litigation, outlines the legal elements and viability of lawsuits against those who conduct and monitor human research, and evaluates and predicts what role tort litigation will play in fulfilling the goals of accountability in the context of human research and human research regulation. In general, tort law engenders two forms of accountability: retrospective and prospective. Retrospective accountability is backward looking, focusing on harms that have already occurred, their culprits, and the reimbursement of individuals for their injuries. Prospective accountability is forward looking in that it encourages actors and institutions to fulfill responsibilities toward individuals in order that harm does not occur, or at least that the risk of harm is decreased. This article argues that research litigation is not, and will probably never become, an effective means of ensuring retrospective accountability in regard to research injuries and ethical violations. Paradoxically though, the current wave of research litigation may serve an important and even key role in encouraging and ensuring prospective accountability.     

李二曲的真儒论和儒学适用论

李二曲是关学中的重要成员 ,他对儒学进行的条分缕析 ,在今天仍有意义。他强调做儒要做真儒 ,儒的价值在于能够在现实社会中应用 ,不能应用的儒学 ,对社会是无益的。     

现代新儒家对五四新文化运动的省察梳要

五四新文化运动已过去八十余年了,检讨"五四"成为中国文化建设的重要内容。现代新儒家站在民族文化本位的立场上,对五四新文化运动进行了认真的梳理。一方面,他们对"五四"思想启蒙给予了积极的评价,认为新文化运动有功于儒家思想的新开展;另一方面,他们对"新青年"学者盲从西方的激烈反传统态度和唯科学主义思潮表示强烈的不满,具有否定"五四"的倾向。他们在反省"五四"的基础上,提出了重建中国文化的方案,充满着哲学的睿智,是一份宝贵的精神遗产。     

Eating dysfunctions in college women: the roles of depression and attachment to fathers

The authors examined the roles of depression and attachment to fathers in college women's eating dysfunctions. Three-hundred six undergraduate women completed (1) a diagnostic measure of eating dysfunctions that categorized them as asymptomatic, symptomatic but not eating disordered, or eating disordered; (2) 3 dimensional measures of attachment to fathers; and (3) a dimensional measure of depression. Depression was directly related to severity of participants' eating dysfunction; the eating-disordered group had scores consistent with clinical depression. After controlling for depression, 3 facets of attachment to fathers significantly differentiated the 3 groups.     

Jacob Mincer,Experience and the Distribution of Earnings

This paper reviews Jacob Mincer's contributions to the analyses of earnings and the distribution of earnings through his pioneering focus on labor market experience or on-the-job training. It begins with a brief discussion of the theoretical literature on the distribution of earnings in the pre-Mincer period, and then discusses his analysis of human capital and earnings developed in his 1957 doctoral dissertation and 1958 Journal of Political Economy (JPE) article. Further analyses of on-the-job training, and in particular estimates of the rate of return from on-the-job training, are presented in his 1962 JPE paper. The synergy between Mincer and Becker during the 1960s is discussed, as is the development of the schooling-earnings function by Gary S. Becker and Barry R. Chiswick (1966). Jacob Mincer extended this relationship by incorporating experience to form the human capital earnings function in his Schooling, Experience and Earnings (1974). Subsequent modifications, extensions, tests of robustness and the wide applicability of the human capital earnings function are presented.     

环境与贸易的可持续发展研究

贸易影响国民经济发展 ,国民经济又影响生态环境 ,环境与贸易是联系非常密切的两个领域。贸易使环境问题极端化 ,表现为环境问题国际化和局地化两个方面。环境问题对贸易影响主要是通过环保措施影响产品竞争力来实现。单独在各自领域寻找解决问题的措施 ,对可持续发展不利 ,也是不现实的。必须用可持续发展的生态经济综合观点考察环境与贸易的关系。基本原则一是向市场发出“新的稀缺信号”,促进环境成本内部化 ,具体执行中 ,政府的调整和监督作用应予以加强。二是发展和加强国际合作 ,促进环境保护和自由贸易的结合。三是加强立法 ,制定合理的环境与贸易国际法则     

关于"生产力"问题的几点思考

人类社会已进入知识经济新时代,亦应赋予"生产力"新的定义,即"所谓生产力,即社会生产力,是人们认识自然、改造自然,合理利用自然资源以谋求人类自身生存和全面发展的能力.它包括两个基本方面一是人类社会生产物质财富(或物质资料)的能力;二是人类社会生产劳动力的能力."它表示的是人们在生产过程中对自然界、社会的关系,而不仅仅是人们在生产过程中"对自然界的关系".同时,作者明确指出,"管理"也是一种"劳动","管理者"也是"劳动者";管理既是形成生产力的必要条件,又是创造生产力的源泉.应当重新认识管理与生产力之间的相互关系.     

组织文化度量:本土模型的构建与实证研究

本文旨在构建本土化的组织文化度量模型,并检验模型的有效性.作者在质性研究的基础上,从"组织对利益相关者的价值判断"与"组织对管理行为的价值判断"两个角度来构建我国组织文化度量模型.前者由组织对股东、客户、员工、社会大众等组织利益相关者价值判断维度构成,后者由组织文化动力特征、效率特征、秩序特征与和谐特征四个子模块构成.在验证性因子分析中,假设模型得到了很好的验证.本文最后比较了本土化模型与国外已有的重要模型在研究逻辑和方法上的差异,并对我国企业文化建设实践提出了若干建议.