中国城市生活垃圾收费方式的比较研究

城市生活垃圾收费是筹集垃圾处理费的重要途径,也是生活垃圾减量化的重要手段。本文基于中国典型城市垃圾收费的实践,从理论充分性、政策效率、政策效果、政策方式选择等角度,对定额收费、按水量收费、计量收费三种收费方式进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)定额收费民众负担率较低,由公用事业部门(如供水部门)代征能够明显提高征收率,是现阶段大多数城市的最佳选择;(2)按水量收费民众负担率和征收率较高,但理论依据不充分且无持续减量化效果,不能作为向计量收费的过渡,不应提倡;(3)计量收费民众负担率较高,垃圾减量化效果显著,可在减量化压力大、垃圾收费经验较丰富、新建垃圾处理设施社会成本高的城市率先推行。     

Equilibria in Health Exchanges: Adverse Selection versus Reclassification Risk

This paper studies regulated health insurance markets known as exchanges, motivated by the increasingly important role they play in both public and private insurance provision. We develop a framework that combines data on health outcomes and insurance plan choices for a population of insured individuals with a model of a competitive insurance exchange to predict outcomes under different exchange designs. We apply this framework to examine the effects of regulations that govern insurers' ability to use health status information in pricing. We investigate the welfare implications of these regulations with an emphasis on two potential sources of inefficiency: (i) adverse selection and (ii) premium reclassification risk. We find substantial adverse selection leading to full unraveling of our simulated exchange, even when age can be priced. While the welfare cost of adverse selection is substantial when health status cannot be priced, that of reclassification risk is five times larger when insurers can price based on some health status information. We investigate several extensions including (i) contract design regulation, (ii) self‐insurance through saving and borrowing, and (iii) insurer risk adjustment transfers.     

Institutional transitions,global mindset,and EMNE internationalization

Recently revised theoretical explanations of the internationalization process have been offered to specifically account for the propensity of Emerging Market Multinationals (EMNEs) to engage in accelerated internationalization. However, this literature stream has yet to consider how the fundamental institutional transitions occurring in emerging markets promote the individual and organizational level global mindset that helps account for this accelerated, proactive international expansion. Our dynamic multi-level conceptual framework examines the influences of both the home country institutions and intra-organizational mindsets on the development of EMNE outward FDI decision making. This framework contributes to extant literature by integrating conceptualizations of national culture with the informal and formal institutions offered by institutional theory, while examining how fundamental shifts in these influence the intra-organizational context. Furthermore, our conceptual framework adopts a multi-level perspective of global mindset as an antecedent of firm decision making and adds to the global mindset literature by arguing that institutional transition is a macro level antecedent of global mindset.     

当前马克思主义哲学研究、宣传与应用中值得注意的若干问题

在当前马克思主义哲学的研究、宣传和应用中存在值得注意的某些倾向性问题。1、由于不注意完整地理解马克思主义而导致对理论的随心所欲解释;2、由于只讲发展、忽视继承而将当代理论和经典理论对立起来;3、在所谓“思想解放”的旗号下以某种不合理的价值判断取代客观真理。这种偏向助长对马克思主义的怀疑否定情绪,助长对西方时髦“理论”的迷信,是很危险的倾向。     

经济发展、政治文化与外部力量——民主化的条件之分析

从全球范围的现状和趋势看,民主是获得统治合法性的通行证,是国际市场流通的货币,是一切体制的公分母,但是,这并不意味着民主化的过程已经终结。非民主国家面临着民主转型,新兴民主国家面临着民主巩固,老资格的民主国家面临着民主深化,民主化仍然是一项正在进行的工程,而不是一项已经完成的事业。然而,民主化只有在某些条件具备的情况下才有可能发生,通过对经济发展、政治文化与外部力量等条件的分析,可以更好地理解它们与民主化之间的关系。     

The value of mixed-method longitudinal panel studies in ict research

This paper uses a unique British three-wave longitudinal dataset to examine the rates of transitions into and out of 'ICT poverty' defined as having Internet access in the household and/or having a mobile phone. This serves three purposes: it shows that many are still 'passing by' ICT ownership, that 'gaining ICT' access is not a one-way street - many just pass through; and that the rates of dropping out differ for different ICTs and for different groups of people. This has implications for both commercial and public policy strategy. It also shows the value of longitudinal approaches to data collection without which this kind of analysis would be impossible.     

论建筑装饰工程预算和报价

确定装饰工程造价,必须在装修建设程序的各个阶段进行可行性研究,选择最佳方案,到初步设计和施工阶段,均采用科学的计算方法和切合实际的计价依居,在计划任务书阶段编制估算,初步设计阶段编制概算、施工图预算,以确保优秀的工程报价。     

秦至南北朝时期南北饮食文化的交流

作为中国饮食文化交流的分支,南北饮食文化的交流贯穿古今.而秦至南北朝时期南北饮食文化交流的发展可以看作是它的初步发展时期.在此时期,国土的扩张,人口的迁移,文献的保存等因素成为了重要的交流手段,而这一时期的南北饮食文化的交流对中国饮食文化的发展产生了重要的影响.     

基于价值链原理的复合型业态供应链价值模型

复合型业态因其每一种业态适合不同目标市场特定的需要,从而通过资源合理配置和资源共享获得合力效应的模式,而被越来越多的商业企业所采用.通过对复合型业态经营主要特点的分析和SWOT分析,得出复合型商业业态的核心竞争力在于强大的经济实力、优秀的品牌和优秀的管理团队,结合价值链的基本原理和赋予的新的含义,提出基于价值链原理的复合型供应链价值模型.