What predicts adjustment among college students? A longitudinal panel study

OBJECTIVE: Researchers have previously reported that law students and medical students experience significant distress during their first year. The authors suspected that freshmen undergraduates might experience similar distress in their transition to college. PARTICIPANTS: They surveyed 242 undergraduate freshmen at the beginning and end of their first year. METHODS: The authors asked participants about their physical health, alcohol use and smoking habits, stress levels, perfectionism, self-esteem, coping tactics, optimism, extroversion, and psychological adaptation to college. RESULTS: Data replicated the declines reported in law and medical students' psychological and physical health. Negative coping tactics and perfectionism predicted poorer physical health and alcohol use at the end of the year; however, optimism and self-esteem predicted better physical and psychological outcomes. CONCLUSION: Future researchers should investigate steps that college administrators can take to help to alleviate some of these problems, such as offering workshops on stress relief to incoming freshmen.     

公正地对待经济法

长期以来,就有人对中国的经济法持讽刺、抨击和否认的态度,周大伟同志的<谁是佟柔?>一文即是如此,该文在社会上产生了严重的负面影响,有必要对其予以反击和澄清,以论明经济法存在的正当性,并要求人们公正地对待经济法.     

Targets and Taxes: Explaining the Welfare Orientations of the Australian Public

Australia's welfare model – targeted payments alongside low but progressive taxation – exemplifies the targeted approach, prioritizing the needs of poorer citizens within the constraints of low taxation. But does this approach match the welfare orientations of Australia's voters? Does the public hold other views about welfare, emerging out of competing interests in welfare debates? We consider results of two questions included in the Australian Survey of Social Attitudes 2005. The first question asks respondents about four welfare goals that outline competing welfare orientations: targeting poverty, expanding health and education, enforcing the welfare rules and reducing welfare. The second question asks about four taxation goals drawing on similar orientations as established for welfare: targeting tax cuts, taxing for welfare, enforcing tax rules and reducing overall tax. Asking about both enables us to tell whether voters approach tax and welfare ‘consistently’ and to see whether, in Australia's case, there is a preference for Australia's targeting model. We reach three conclusions: (1) voters hold diverse preferences about welfare and taxes, but the targeted model has a relatively strong voter base; (2) voters hold ‘pro‐welfare’ orientations, choosing poverty reduction and expanding public services over both paternalism and cutting welfare, and (3) multivariate analysis indicates a level of consistency in welfare and tax orientations among voters.     

敬业：从道德规范到精神信仰

敬业具有重要的主体意义和崇高的社会价值。中华民族历来有崇尚“敬”及“敬业”的传统。中国要走向富强,跨入发达国家行列,必须重塑人们的敬业精神。作为一种道德规范,敬业要求人们在职业实践中畏业、研业、爱业、精业和创业;作为一种主体意识,敬业要求人们确立起内在之“敬”和精神信仰。把敬业从道德规范提升到精神信仰,我们就要向自己的历史学习,继承古代的敬业传统;还要向发达国家学习,借鉴他们在职业道德建设上的成功经验。     

The effects of racial/ethnic segregation on Latino and Black homicide

Racial/ethnic residential segregation has been shown to contribute to violence and have harmful consequences for minority groups. However, research examining the segregation–crime relationship has focused almost exclusively on blacks and whites while largely ignoring Latinos and other race/ethnic groups and has rarely considered potential mediators (e.g., concentrated disadvantage) in segregation–violence relationships. This study uses year 2000 arrest data for California and New York census places to extend segregation–crime research by comparing the effects of racial/ethnic residential segregation from whites on black and Latino homicide. Results indicate that (1) racial/ethnic segregation contributes to both Latino and black homicide, and (2) the effects for both groups are mediated by concentrated disadvantage. Implications for segregation–violence relationships, the racial-invariance position, and the Latino paradox are discussed.     

开发人力资源 促进社会经济发展

人力资源开发是实施现代化建设可持续发展战略的关键。正确认识人力资源开发对社会经济可持续发展的重要性 ,对我国社会经济发展总目标的实现以及经济增长方式的根本转变 ,均具有十分重要的现实意义     

山东省农村文化建设调查与文化发展模式研究

农村文化建设与农村社会进步关系密切。本文对山东省农村文化建设状况进行调查、分析和对策研究 ;并对农村文化建设与发展模式进行理论和实际的探索 ,提出了农村文化建设的系统化、传统化、现代化、国际化、层序化、生态化等发展模式     

The effects of mindfulness on mother–child relationships and maternal well-being during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Israel

Research indicates associations of mindfulness with better relationships and well-being because it promotes decentering and relationship-related capacities. This study examined the effects of mindfulness on mothers' relationships with their children and well-being in a challenging time – the first COVID-19 lockdown. We hypothesized that mothers' relationships and well-being would deteriorate during the lockdown, but a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) would mitigate this process because of its effect on mothers' mindfulness and decentering. We surveyed 109 mothers caring for their children (mean age 8.61) during the first lockdown in Israel. First, they completed online questionnaires assessing their interpersonal mindfulness, decentering, relationships with their children and well-being (including positive and negative affect and life satisfaction). Then, they were randomly assigned to a group: MBI, relaxing music intervention or no intervention. Participants completed the questionnaires again after 2 weeks of daily interventions. Unexpectedly, mothers in all groups improved their relationships with their children and well-being (their satisfaction with life increased and negative affect decreased) with no significant group differences. Furthermore, the increase in relationship quality was associated with increases in mindfulness and decentering. The findings suggest that crises initially perceived as a threat to mother–child relationships may also present a beneficial opportunity in certain circumstances.