哥尔多尼的即兴喜剧改革

18世纪中期,哥尔多尼对旧式的即兴喜剧在剧本、舞美、人物等多个方面进行了逐步的改革,尽管在这些改革中传统即兴喜剧的一些重要要素被减弱或者消除,但这些改革使即兴喜剧这一传统剧种与当时的时代精神更为契合.哥尔多尼对即兴喜剧的改革不仅仅使这一在当时已稍显颓势的传统剧种重新焕发了生机,他在这一系列改革中的创作经验和成果也奠定了之后意大利现实主义喜剧的基调.     

Robust analysis of variance for a randomized block design

In this paper we study the asymptotic theory of M-estimates and their associated tests for a one-factor experiment in a randomized block design. In this case one natural asymptotic theory corresponds to leaving the number of treatments fixed and letting the number of blocks tend to infinity. The classic asymptotic theory of M-estimates does not apply here, because the number of parameters and the number of observations are of the same order. In this paper we prove the consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators of the treatment effects. It turns out that the asymptotic covariance matrix of the treatment effects estimators differs from the one derived from the classic theory of M-estimates for the linear model with a fixed number of parameters. We also study a test for treatment effects derived from M-estimates and we compare by Monte Carlo simulation the efficiency of this test with respect to the F-test, the Friedman test and the test based on aligned ranks.     

Helping people to sort it out: The role of social support in the Job Strain Model

This paper reports three studies of occupational stress investigating the role of social support as an intervening variable in the Job Strain Model (Karasek, 1979). A computer simulated mail-sorting work environment was used to assess the effect of demands, control and social support on measures of strain, satisfaction, and perceived and actual task performance. The first experiment ( N =60) tests the basic Job Strain Model by manipulating levels of task demand and control. The second experiment ( N =120) compares high and low levels of two types of social support (informational support and emotional support) to determine whether and how they interact with extreme conditions of the Job Strain Model (high strain and low strain). The final experiment ( N =90) investigates positive and negative forms of social support (praise and criticism) in relation to extreme job strain conditions. Results show that the job strain model is consistent with the stress and performance data, although stress showed no Demand ×Control interaction. Social supports increased arousal, satisfaction and perceived performance, but did not affect stress or task performance. Moreover, contrary to buffer theories, social supports did not interact with the job strain variables. Congruence between preferred and experienced emotional support levels also predicted performance.     

新时期民族文化工作的几个问题

各民族之间的交流有许多层面.其中,文化交流是最深层的交流,是心灵的交流.少数民族文化是中华文化的重要组成部分.弘扬中华文化,建设56个民族共有的精神家园,就要保护和发展好丰富多彩的少数民族文化.当今世界,工业化、信息化、城镇化、市场化、国际化是社会发展的大趋势,同时也对各民族的传统文化造成巨大冲击.当前,迫切需要我们从概念、理念、现状、趋势、应对策略等方面,系统地思考少数民族文化的保护和发展问题.对于少数民族文化来说,保护是发展的基础,发展是最好的保护.民族文化资源是很多民族地区的优势资源.充分地利用好这个优势资源,就有可能形成新的经济增长点.同时,要在民族文化自觉的基础上树立民族文化价值自信,要通过政策法规来推进民族文化的保护和发展.     

希腊悲剧和文学的阿伦特

希腊雅典的悲剧对阿伦特思考政治自由有双重意义。第一,悲剧包含许多思考现代政治自由可以运用的文学主题。第二,悲剧的"说故事"本身就是一种对政治自由的提示。阿伦特以理想的雅典来阐述这样一个现代政治的基本观点,那就是,政治自由与公共自由同为一体,没有政治自由就不可能有真正的公共生活。阿伦特设想一种无需借助传统或外加权威,照样能有机运作的政治群体模式。雅典城邦为她提供了想象的空间。     

Discrete‐time survival trees

Tree‐based methods are frequently used in studies with censored survival time. Their structure and ease of interpretability make them useful to identify prognostic factors and to predict conditional survival probabilities given an individual's covariates. The existing methods are tailor‐made to deal with a survival time variable that is measured continuously. However, survival variables measured on a discrete scale are often encountered in practice. The authors propose a new tree construction method specifically adapted to such discrete‐time survival variables. The splitting procedure can be seen as an extension, to the case of right‐censored data, of the entropy criterion for a categorical outcome. The selection of the final tree is made through a pruning algorithm combined with a bootstrap correction. The authors also present a simple way of potentially improving the predictive performance of a single tree through bagging. A simulation study shows that single trees and bagged‐trees perform well compared to a parametric model. A real data example investigating the usefulness of personality dimensions in predicting early onset of cigarette smoking is presented. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 37: 17‐32; 2009 © 2009 Statistical Society of Canada     

The Impact of the Removal of the Multi-Fiber Arrangements on Tunisian Textile and Clothing Exports

To evaluate the effect of the dismantling of the Multi-Fiber Arrangements on the Tunisian exporting textile and clothing sector, we divided the suppliers of the EU into three groups: local suppliers, constrained by the contingent, and non-constrained, among them figure Tunisia. In the same way, we used Armington’s technique, which consists in differentiating the products by country of origin. The results showed that with the abolition of the quotas, the second group succeeded in increasing its exported quantity by 50%, and attended an increase in value of 30% for its sales. On the contrary, the third group saw its exported quantities decreasing by 30%, and the value of its sales outside, by 16%. Tunisia belonging to the third group would see its share of market, which was ensured by the quotas decreasing appreciably. It would lose 16% of its exports in value, and 30% in quantity. The implications of the results for the Tunisian textile and clothing sector strategies are discussed.

Euro-myth: nationalism,war and the legitimacy of the European Union

This article engages with Montserrat Guibernau's argument about the ‘non-emotional’ nature of European identity. In critiquing this argument, this article also advances a broader argument of its own: that we are witnessing an emergent European nationalism. The article suggests that although there are few people who passionately defend European integration today, those that do are increasingly resorting to arguments that depend simultaneously on invoking and rejecting collective memories of intra-European conflict derived from the ‘emotive’ period of European integration in the 1940s to shore up the increasingly challenged legitimacy of the European Union today in its hour of greatest crisis.     

Problem gambling among female prisoners: lifetime prevalence,help-seeking behaviour and association with incarceration

The widespread introduction of electronic gaming machines (EGMs) in Australia has seen problem gambling (PG) rates soar over the past decade. This has been particularly apparent among women, with presentations to gambling help services increasing fivefold, and 90% of them indicating EGMs as the problem. Prisoners represent a group containing the highest PG rate found in any population. Despite a sharp increase in PG among women and the well-established link between offenders and PG, little data exists concerning PG among female prisoners. This study examined lifetime prevalence of PG among female prisoners in South Australia. The Early Intervention Gambling Health Test was administered to 74 female prisoners. Previous help-seeking behaviour and association with incarceration were also examined. Sixty-four percent of respondents indicated PG with one in six reporting they were incarcerated due to PG-related offending. Problem gamblers whose incarceration was related to PG were more likely to indicate they had gambled to try and win money to repay debts than problem gamblers incarcerated for unrelated offending. Given high levels of PG and overall low rates of help-seeking, women’s prisons may provide an opportunity to engage this high-risk population with effective treatment.