Testing the 3-factor model of occupational stress: the impact of demands, control and social support on a mail sorting task

This study tests a 3-factor model of occupational stress, which predicts that job demands, job control and social support influence levels of strain. In a laboratory simulation of mail sorting, task demands, control and social supports were manipulated systematically. Pre- and post-task measures of self reported stress and arousal were compared across groups. Performance was measured continuously during the computer task and all 120 participants reported their perceived performance afterwards. Stress was found to be higher and perceived performance was lower in conditions of high demand; this pattern was also observed in conditions of low social support. Contrary to the hypotheses put forward in this paper, task control did not affect stress and the manipulations did not interact to produce elevated stress. However, task performance was poorer in conditions of high demand and in conditions of low control, and there was a significant interaction between demand and control for performance. Work preference measures indicated that the level of fit between ideal and actual social support influenced stress and perceived performance.     

试论古典主义时期钢琴音乐

古典主义时期钢琴作品具有乐观、明朗、流畅、优美的风格特征，具有简洁的和声、严谨的曲式结构，套曲中层次清楚、手法多样、变化丰富、对比鲜明等创作技巧。以海顿、莫扎特、贝多芬为代表的古典主义时期钢琴音乐作曲家，创作出的丰富多彩的古典主义钢琴音乐作品，是值得我们深入学习、研究与借鉴的。     

The Political Implications Of Digital Innovations: Trade-offs of democracy and liberty in the developed world

This paper addresses three issues: the potential trade-offs of democracy and liberty that the Internet may produce, the connection between real life and cyberspace, and the consequences for the conceptual apparatus of political science. It is argued that the Internet and real worlds are entwined, and thus classic political trade-offs remain pertinent. Important normative issues are addressed. It is established that the Internet is a nearly-neutral medium, so it is important how its development and effects are controlled. It is argued that a privately-controlled Internet would have negative implications for citizenship, political democracy and liberty.However, it is shown that existing Internet politics is significantly democratic, and if the 'net was used within a system similar to existing arrangements, i.e. with checks and balances, then one could optimistically foresee enhanced democracy. In this relatively unexplored but rapidly changing area of political life, this paper serves as a simple warning - public good, private bad - and justifies this in terms of the potential trade-offs of political citizenship versus market consumerism.     

Norma Lang’s Use of Nondeliberative Approaches: Through a Multidimensional Lens of Activity in Social Work Groups

ABSTRACT

This article is intended to enter into a conversation with the significant work done by Norma Lang on nondeliberative approaches in social work with groups, and, in particular, her use of these approaches in working with people who have limited social skills. The intention is to locate significant strands of her conceptualizing, teaching, and practice within a discussion of the concept “activity”—a concept that social work with groups has uniquely contributed to social work theory and practice. It is proposed that aspects of “activity” can be more fully understood and analyzed using a number of intersecting dimensions: interaction, purpose, meaning, and analog.     

全球金融危机下中国造船企业的应对策略

本文分析描述了在全球金融危机下中国造船业的生存发展现状,以此为基础,着重在宏观、中观和微观三个层面对造船企业的应对策略给出了一些意见建议。     

水墨意象的视觉文化诠释

水墨视觉是墨色辅之以水的渲染所形成的色调变化,这是自然界事物的本质色彩,看似无色,实为丰富.它通过空间的韵度性,时间的节奏性,表现出了民族的视觉审美心理和价值取向.通过对水墨视觉文化价值比较的机能、本质的融通、标准的诠释,以期在传承视觉传统精神的基础上求新,探究现代视觉设计之路.     

A Statistical Approach to Thermal Management of Data Centers Under Steady State and System Perturbations

Temperature control for a large data center is both important and expensive. On the one hand, many of the components produce a great deal of heat, and on the other hand, many of the components require temperatures below a fairly low threshold for reliable operation. A statistical framework is proposed within which the behavior of a large cooling system can be modeled and forecast under both steady state and perturbations. This framework is based upon an extension of multivariate Gaussian autoregressive hidden Markov models (HMMs). The estimated parameters of the fitted model provide useful summaries of the overall behavior of and relationships within the cooling system. Predictions under system perturbations are useful for assessing potential changes and improvements to be made to the system. Many data centers have far more cooling capacity than necessary under sensible circumstances, thus resulting in energy inefficiencies. Using this model, predictions for system behavior after a particular component of the cooling system is shut down or reduced in cooling power can be generated. Steady-state predictions are also useful for facility monitors. System traces outside control boundaries flag a change in behavior to examine. The proposed model is fit to data from a group of air conditioners within an enterprise data center from the IT industry. The fitted model is examined, and a particular unit is found to be underutilized. Predictions generated for the system under the removal of that unit appear very reasonable. Steady-state system behavior also is predicted well.     

企业财务危机的防范策略研究

在全球金融危机的背景下,中国不可能在危机中独善其身。国际金融危机对于中国资本市场,乃至实体经济都产生了重大影响,金融风暴的冲击引发了很多企业全方位的财务危机。外部环境在急剧变化,财务管理也应随之在防范风险方面有新的思考。鉴于此,提出了企业在经营过程中防范财务危机的策略,即：现金至尊,严控资产负债表中的“杠杆”率,精细化成本控制,以及现金流控制的财务集中制,旨在提高企业应对风险的能力。     

居民参与城市生态文明建设的影响因素分析及对策建议——以哈尔滨市问卷调查为例

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市已成为生态文明建设的重点。城市居民作为城市生态文明建设的主体,其参与情况决定着城市生态文明建设的成败。通过对哈尔滨市进行问卷抽样调查,并利用SAS统计分析软件进行描述性统计分析和影响因素关联性分析,结果表明:越是在国企、事业单位工作的年轻居民对垃圾的可循环回收情况越了解,越愿意将垃圾回收资金作为小区建设资金;虽然年轻居民比年长居民更愿意配合垃圾分类,但是目前进行垃圾分类的却常常是年长的已婚居民;文化程度越高、居住时间越短的年轻居民越倾向于自己出资开展小区绿化工作;文化程度越高的居民越注意绿色标识;在人均月收入较高的居民中,已婚有孩子的居民在购买家电时不会考虑节能因素,未婚的居民出门经常不带购物袋。为此,需要加强舆论宣传,完善个人信用体系建设,建立可行的居民参与制度和有效的社区组织制度,提高居民之间以及居民对社区的信任程度,从而促使更多的居民为了获得良好的社区环境而参与到城市生态文明建设中来。