《四库全书总目》“小说家类”序文发微

《四库全书总目》"子部""小说家类"序文虽然只有200余字,但涉及小说多个方面的问题,具有不可忽视的价值。四库馆臣在继承并理性辨析前人观点的基础上,追溯了小说的起源,表达了他们对小说虚构性质的认知理念,对小说流派的辨析,对小说价值功用的阐述,从中也可见出《四库全书》不收唐传奇与通俗小说的原因所在。     

Tax-funded unionism: The unemployment connection

Labor unions are widely regarded as private organizations which finance their activities exclusively through revenues collected from members and others who are covered by collective bargaining agreements. In reality, however, U.S. unions receive millions of dollars each year through grants and contracts from federal, state, and local governments for a variety of purposes, including aid to the unemployed; these funds are used (sometimes illegally) to finance union operations, including political activities. This article briefly explores the phenomenon of tax-funded unionism.     

Floating ideas—An experiment in enhancing hypergames with maps

Within the OR community, an increasing emphasis is being placed on developing approaches to tackle complex, ‘messy’ decision problems. The work described in this paper arose out of the premise that it would be desirable to integrate ideas from a number of different approaches of this type. Specifically, the paper describes one experimental attempt to link methods for modelling conflict situations (the analysis of options and hypergames) with the cognitive mapping approach to eliciting subjective data. Taking a personally-owned decision problem, mapping was used to enrich the game-based approaches by providing a way of documenting the argumentation underlying the models used. Though difficult to generalise from, the experiment not only suggested that such an extension is likely to be an improvement, but also highlighted some deficiencies in the existing versions of the game-based approaches themselves.     

盐酸多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆的临床疗效观察

目的观察盐酸多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆的疗效。方法102例血管性痴呆患者随机分为2组，治疗组51例，在常规治疗的基础上给予盐酸多奈哌齐5mg，每日1次；对照组54例，给予常规治疗，两组患者疗程均为12周，观察治疗前后认知功能（MMSE、HDS）及日常生活自理能力（ADL）的改善程度。结果治疗12周时，治疗组MMSE、HDS及ADL评分明显改善，较对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），自身对照结果显示，盐酸多奈哌齐治疗12周，治疗后MMSE、HDS及ADL评分较治疗前改善（P〈0．01），在治疗4周时，MMSE、HDS及ADL评分已有提高。结论盐酸多奈哌齐治疗血管性痴呆疗效确切，对患者认知功能及日常生活能力均为改善，无明显副作用，值得临床推广。     

Resolving conflicting demands on evaluation: A test demonstration of videotex for farmers

Evaluating an innovation for federal, state, and local policymakers and program managers alike entails conflicting demands on the evaluation study. Policymakers at federal, state, and local levels are best assisted by impact evaluations, whereas state and local program managers are best assisted by process evaluations. In-house evaluators often have an advantage in conducting process evaluations; external evaluators generally have an advantage in conducting impact evaluations. A cost-effective approach may be to combine in-house process evaluation and external impact evaluation. This dual approach was found to reduce conflicting demands on the evaluation of an experimental videotex system for agricultural producers.     

高新技术企业人力资源风险管理研究综述

本文从人力资源风险、人力资源风险管理和人力资源危机管理3个角度对国内外关于人力资源风险与危机管理的相关理论和实证研究进行了较为全面的梳理,分析和评价了相关学者在人力资源风险相关研究的成就,并指出了其中存在的问题,也为进一步的研究提供了可以借鉴的方向和思路.     

科学发展观思想的形成过程及其内涵

科学发展观思想是我们党在新世纪、新阶段从党和国家事业发展的全局出发;提出的一个带有根本性指导意义的理论。是我们党对建设中国特色社会主义初级阶段理论认识的深化。它丰富和发展了邓小平理论关于社会主义建设的理论。     

Does the Organization of Emotional Expression Change Over Time? Facial Expressivity From 4 to 12 Months

Differentiation models contend that the organization of facial expressivity increases during infancy. Accordingly, infants are believed to exhibit increasingly specific facial expressions in response to stimuli as a function of development. This study tested this hypothesis in a sample of 151 infants (83 boys and 68 girls) observed in 4 situations (tickle, sour taste, arm restraint, and masked stranger) at 4 and 12 months of age. Three of the 4 situations showed evidence of increasing specificity over time. In response to tickle, the number of infants exhibiting joy expressions increased and the number exhibiting interest, surprise, and surprise blends decreased from 4 to 12 months. In tasting a sour substance, more infants exhibited disgust and fewer exhibited joy and interest expressions, and fear and surprise blends over time. For arm restraint, more infants exhibited anger expressions and anger blends and fewer exhibited interest and surprise expressions and surprise blends over time. In response to a masked stranger, however, no evidence of increased specificity was found. Overall, these findings suggest that infants increasingly exhibit particular expressions in response to specific stimuli during the 1st year of life. These data provide partial support for the hypothesis that facial expressivity becomes increasingly organized over time.