Communication in Nuclear Emergency Preparedness: A Closer Look at Information Reception

Preparedness of the general population plays a key role in the effective implementation of protective actions in case of a nuclear emergency (e.g., evacuation or intake of iodine tablets). In this context, a good communication of emergency management actors with the public along the entire cycle of preparedness–response–recovery is of paramount importance. This article aims at providing a better understanding of the way people process communicated messages and the factors that may influence how they do this. In particular, it investigates information reception as part of the information processing in precrisis communication. As a case study, the precrisis communication context was chosen, as it has been tackled to a lesser extent in the literature. The empirical data used for this study originated from a large‐scale opinion survey in Belgium. One topic in this survey addressed the information campaign for the distribution of iodine tablets, in the context of preparedness for nuclear emergencies. The findings of this study demonstrate that systematic predictors have a stronger influence on information reception, as compared to heuristic predictors. The latter are only to a minor extent involved in the reception of emergency preparedness information. The hypothesized pattern—that more specific knowledge about the field relates to a higher reception of information—was confirmed for precrisis communication. Contrary to expectations, results showed that people with a high perception of radiation risks were less attentive to information about protective actions. People with little confidence in authorities were also more likely to have a low reception of information.     

Algorithms for storage allocation based on client preferences

We consider a packing problem arising in storage management of Video on Demand (VoD) systems. The system consists of a set of video files (movies) and several servers (disks), each having a limited storage capacity, C, and a limited bandwidth (load capacity), L. The goal in the storage allocation problem is to assign the video files to the servers and the bandwidth to the clients. The induced class-constrained packing problem was studied in the past assuming each client provides a single request for a single movie. This paper considers a more general and realistic model—in which each client ranks all the movies in the system. Specifically, for each client j and movie i, it is known how much client j is willing to pay in order to watch movie i. The goal is to maximize the system’s profit. Alternatively, the client might provide a ranking of the movies and the goal is to maximize the lexicographic profile of the solution.     

抗战时期延安文艺述评

抗日战争爆发后,大批进步文艺工作者涌向延安.他们用文艺的形式宣传民众,组织民众,唤起了广大民众救亡图存的意识,并为抗战时期的军民提供了丰足的精神食粮.延安文艺始终回荡着爱国主义、革命英雄主义的主旋律,以其广阔的历史画卷、深厚的思想内涵为人们从文化角度提供了认识抗日战争的生动材料.     

宗教复兴与大众政治——"文明交往"视野下近代中东民族主义的类型与道路

近代中东在东、西方文明交往过程中呈现多重二元对立的现象和特征.因此,近代中东民族主义运动的发展主要有两种类型:一是伊斯兰复兴类型,以苏丹、利比亚、沙特为代表;二是现代大众政治类型,以土耳其和埃及为代表.从文明的内、外部交往的角度分析这两种类型,无论是从历史环境、担纲主体、阶级力量、目标任务方面,还是从依靠理念、组织方式、具体路径乃至对现代民族国家早期现代化的启动等方面来看,二者都存在很大的差异,但二者之间还存在能够彼此交织、融合的空间.伊朗近代民族主义就是宗教复兴与大众政治两种形式的典型结合.     

Do Rural Students Really Perform Worse than Urban Students Do? Empirical Evidence from a University Entrance Program in Taiwan

Despite a major expansion in the number of students in higher education, students from rural areas continue to be underrepresented at selective universities. To reduce the urban‐rural imbalance of entry to selective universities, institutions in many countries of the world have implemented admission policies favoring rural students. Previous evidence has shown that rural students have lower academic performance than their urban peers, which leads to concern that rural students will reduce the academic excellence of selective universities. Using the introduction of a university admission policy favoring rural students in Taiwan and a unique administrative data set of students' academic records, we compare the academic performance of students from rural areas with that of their urban counterparts during their college years. The results show that rural students have consistently outperformed urban students in semester grade point averages and class rank percentile across time; however, the differences in academic performance are mainly attributed to the rural students' initial outperformance in the first semester of the freshman year.     

参差对照 相映成趣──论张爱玲及其创作的矛盾性

张爱玲及其创作中，存在着“参差的对照”，实际上就是并不尖锐的矛盾。它构成作者观察社会、人生及历史、现实的独特视角，以及对立而和谐的情绪体验，也形成其作品的独特艺术风格     

沉沦—奋起—伟大复兴——跨世纪中国经济社会发展的思考

论文首先勾划了中国近代沉沦→奋起→伟大复兴的历史轮廓 ,进一步对“中国经济什么时候能赶上美国”问题作了专题分析。英美一些研究者按汇率比较法测算 ,认为经过 37年 ,中国GDP将赶上美国 ,这是不科学的。作者假设今后美国经济年均增长率为 3 % ,中国经济年均增长率分别比美国快 6 %、 5 %、 4%、 3 %、2 % ,人民币汇率略有贬值的情况下 ,对中国GDP赶上美国的“可能历史空间”进行测算 ,认为如果搞得好 ,在2 1世纪下半叶的某个时间 ,中国的GDP可能赶上美国 ;否则 ,这个历史过程还可能更长。作者还对中国GDP赶上美国后 ,经济与社会协调发展的一些问题作了简要分析。     

以"三个代表"思想指导精神文明建设

加强精神文明建设 ,是代表先进社会生产力发展要求的客观需要 ,是代表先进文化前进方向的题中应有之义 ,是代表最广大人民根本利益的重要体现。当前 ,我们要按照“三个代表”重要思想的要求 ,全面推进社会主义精神文明建设 ,大力加强思想政治工作 ,加强公民道德建设。     

新世纪高校学报的抉择:优化结构

高校学报要解决质量不高的问题 ,必须优化结构 ,在“学术性刊物”的名义下 ,根据不同学校的不同优势 ,大体可分三种类型办刊 :①专题性的学术理论性学报 ;②综合性的学术理论与学术应用性学报 ;③学术应用性学报     

现代中东政治经济发展的趋势与特征

二战后,中东经历了民族解放独立运动和社会革命,现代化进程向全面化、纵深化方向发展,地区经济合作和区域化逐渐加强,中东地缘政治战略地位更加突出和重要.巴以冲突持续不断,中东问题呈现出复杂化、长期化趋势.当代伊斯兰复兴运动的兴起和扩散在国际意识形态及国际政治领域产生重要影响,形成所谓"文明冲突"六个趋势与特征.