The maximum cardinality cut problem in co-bipartite chain graphs

A co-bipartite chain graph is a co-bipartite graph in which the neighborhoods of the vertices in each clique can be linearly ordered with respect to inclusion. It is known that the maximum cardinality cut problem (\({\textsc {MaxCut}}\)) is \({\textsc {NP}}{\text {-hard}}\) in co-bipartite graphs (Bodlaender and Jansen, Nordic J Comput 7(2000):14–31, 2000). We consider \({\textsc {MaxCut}}\) in co-bipartite chain graphs. We first consider the twin-free case and present an explicit solution. We then show that \({\textsc {MaxCut}}\) is polynomial time solvable in this graph class.     

An alternative method correcting BDR type of heteroskedasticity by the weighting re-estimated absolute residuals

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method which corrects residual variances for the butterfly distributed residuals (BDR). Distribution theory, confidence intervals, and tests of hypotheses are valid and meaningful only if the standard regression assumptions are satisfied. Heteroskedasticity is one of the violations of these assumptions and BDR is another type of heteroskedasticity. This study reveals an alternative approach to correct the BDR type of heteroskedasticity by the weighting re-estimated absolute residuals (WRAR). After giving brief information about heteroskedasticity and BDR type of heteroskedasticity, WRAR is introduced. WRAR and the usual variance stabilizing techniques are compared on multiple and simple regression models.     

Exploring Perceived Discrimination Among LGBT Individuals in Turkey in Education,Employment, and Health Care: Results of an Online Survey

This article explores the discrimination practices encountered by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals in education, income, employment, and health care in Turkey. Limited quantitative data on LGBT individuals are available in Turkey. This study collected data from 2,875 LGBT individuals through a Web-based survey. The findings suggest that LGBT individuals report perceived direct and indirect discrimination in accessing education, employment, and health care. In a country where LGBT rights are not yet recognized and antidiscrimination legislation covering sexual orientation and gender identity is still nonexistent, findings demonstrate perceived discrimination of LGBTs rarely turns into a legal complaint. Even when they do, most LGBTs in our sample report that they did not feel that the justice system addressed their grievances.     

Reactions to cyberbullying among high school and university students

In this study, behavioral and emotional reactions to cyberbullying were investigated by surveying 567 undergraduate-level university students and 211 high school students. Among the study participants, 170 of the undergraduates (29.98%) and 120 of the high school students (56.87%) reported that they had recently been cyberbullied. A four-factor scale with 37 items was used to investigate the behavioral cyberbullying reactions of victimized students. The four factors were revenge, countermeasure, negotiation and avoidance. An additional two-factor scale with 11 items was used to classify victimized students’ emotional reactions as either internalizing or externalizing. Explained variance values of both scales were above 50%, and the factors were found to have acceptable internal consistency coefficients. Behavioral and emotional reactions varied according to gender and school level. Computer self-efficacy and internet use were associated with different reaction types.     

Dignity and Dirty Work: Nurses’ Experiences in Managing Genetic Termination for Fetal Anomaly

Qualitative research was conducted with forty-one female registered nurses from four Canadian hospitals who manage the genetic termination (GT) procedure for women who end a wanted pregnancy due to fetal anomaly. Based on the sociological concept of dirty work, interest focused on nurses experiences with work that is viewed as unpleasant and undesirable, work that others would prefer not to do or even know about. The absence of institutional support led to a number of problems for the nurses. They readily discussed situations fraught with dilemmas and frustrations, yet they described this work as professionally rewarding and personally gratifying. They found strategies to respond to the dirty work aspects of their job. Particularly, the quality of care they were able to provide transformed their job from dirty work and led them to find dignity and satisfaction.     

Research notes/Notes de recherches

Les données d'une récente enquête canadienne sur le plan national, ont permis de poser le problème des différences de revenu perçu par la population active masculine et féminine. La part d'inégalité attribuée aux interruptions de la carrière professionnelle de la femme est évaluée ainsi que L'importance de facteurs tels L'éducation, le statut socio-économique professionnel et le nombre d'heures de travail annuel. On constate que L'inégalité entre le revenu réel (c' est-à-dire avant révision) des hommes et celui des fem-mes est moins importante au Canada q'uaux Etats-Unis lors de conditions semblables. On remarque alors que cette différence s' explique par les facteurs compris dans le modèle d'obtention d'un revenu plus que par le degré de discrimination encore existant envers la main-d'oeuvre féminine dans ces deux sociétés. En examinant la différence de revenu entre les sexes au sein des minorités autochtones et linguistiques au Canada, on trouve que L'inégalité est moins importante dans les milieux canadiens de langue française que dans les autres milieux. Data from a recent national level Canadian survey are used to address the question of income differences between working males and females. The portion of the inequality attributable to interruptions in the female work career is estimated, along with the importance of factors such as education, occupational SES, and hours worked per year. Actual (before adjustments) income inequality between males and females is found to be less in Canada than in comparable American data. This difference is found to be understand able in terms of the factors included in the model of income attainment rather than the level of residual discrimination against female workers in the two societies. The income difference by gender among nativity and language minorities in Canada is examined, and it is shown that the inequality between the sexes is smaller among French-speaking Canadians than among others     

Political Economy of Standing against a Stand-By

What explains the actual and rhetorical defections of political elites in developing countries from the IMF programs even at times of severe economic difficulties? Scholars have focused on “domestic audience costs” of participating in IMF programs. This paper, on the other hand, suggests that as commitments to IMF programs require governments to make changes generating institutional, social and political consequences, governments choose to delay an agreement with the Fund, whenever the program is likely to antagonize key business groups that support the government. In the light of the Malaysian and the recent Turkish experiences, the paper will demonstrate that defection from an IMF program is likely to occur when the new Stand-By Agreement can jeopardize particular business interests backing the ruling political elites either through institutional reforms or economic policies.     

转型背景下的农户联保贷款制度研究

农村金融的发展是转变经济发展方式的重要一环,而农户联保贷款制度是破解农村金融难题的有力手段。我国目前的农户联保贷款制度存在着农户信贷权缺失、立法层次低、法律内容薄弱等问题。应提升联保贷款立法层次,创新联保模式,完善农户联保小组的组建和运行机制,构建农户联保贷款风险防范和偿还法律激励机制。     

江汉盆地沙市组蒸发岩沉积充填与成藏特征

由于构造和气候因素的差异,江汉盆地沙市组的上段和下段具有不同的沉积充填特征。沙市沉积早期为弱断陷构造背景,湖盆彼此分隔闭塞,受中、亚热带干旱气候影响,在断陷区形成盐湖相蒸发岩充填,表现为浓缩型沉积序列特征;沙市晚期为拗陷型构造背景,盆地持续下降,湖盆范围扩大,湖水逐渐淡化,形成三角洲—咸水湖相充填,表现为淡化型沉积序列特征。盆地的沉积充填特征控制了蒸发岩地层生、储、盖等成藏要素的差异,表现为不同的油气成藏模式。浓缩型沉积序列的蒸发岩及盐间泥岩提供了烃源岩条件,盐间的膏岩、泥岩提供储层条件,蒸发岩提供盖层条件,为盐间非砂岩油气成藏模式;淡化型沉积序列的湖相泥岩及前三角洲泥岩提供烃源岩条件,三角洲前缘各微相砂体提供储层条件,蒸发岩提供盖层条件,为盐下砂岩油气成藏模式。     

Coping Strategies and Depression Among College Students Following Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between type of coping style and depression in college students with child sexual abuse experience. A total of 1,055 college students completed self-report measures to assess depressive symptoms, coping strategies, and child sexual abuse history. This study was conducted with a subset of 125 college students who reported that they had been sexually abused in childhood. They were divided into depressive and nondepressive groups according to their depressive symptoms. Data was collected with the Childhood Sexual Abuse Measurement, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Coping Styles of Stress Scale. Family characteristics were measured with a demographic questionnaire. Analyses involved multiple regression to test for predictive effects. Among college students with child sexual abuse histories, parental education level and both problem-focused and emotion-focused strategies significantly explained depression scores.