传教士、海难与跨文化接触：1583年海南岛飘风事件分析

1583年夏季,一艘载着一支天主教方济各会传教团体的帆船由马尼拉前往越南。在当地停留一段时间后,因为未能达到传教的目的而被迫返航。途中遭遇风暴,飘抵海南岛昌化县附近洋面。传教士上岸后被明朝兵丁捕获,幷被辗转押送各地,前后羁留在华南地区长达3个月之久,最后在9月中旬被遣返至澳门。借助记录这次飘风事件的数份西班牙文传教士资料,能够重建这段事件史,幷进而考察16世纪南中国海地区的传教航行、海难与跨文化接触之间的关系。     

ESTIMATION OF THE CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY OF TUBERCULOSIS GIVEN THE RESPONSE OF A MANTOUX TEST

For the planning of community tuberculosis, prophylaxis one must know the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection as a function of response to the Mantoux intradermal tuberculin test; the standard test for indicating Mycobacterium TB infection. The skin induration size used to select individuals for prophylaxis must be chosen carefully, in view of the costs associated with carrying out and supervising such prophylaxis. The Mantoux test was used to obtain measurements on adolescents in metropolitan Victoria and on a small sample of adolescents with clinical TB. These data are employed to obtain estimates and to construct upper confidence bounds for the conditional probability of TB infection, given the level of Mantoux response. Two conservative methods are presented; one is ‘nonparametric’, the other ‘semiparametric’. The analyses indicate that for responses up to and including 13 mm, the probability of TB infection is less than.07 with ninety-five percent confidence.     

A Sisterhood: The Collective Resilience Born in the Periphery of Prison

The collateral consequences of incarceration and prison visitation, transcend the boundaries of prison and transform women's lives. Through an intersectional approach, this research uncovers in what capacity degradation and secondary prisonization shape women's lives, and what coping mechanisms women form in response to the difficulties of visitation. Existing research has yet to identify visitors' relationships to one another and how these relationships aid in fostering coping strategies and resilience within the carceral realm. To fill the gaps, I employed qualitative research to explore the process of visitation, processing procedures, challenges of visitation, staff relations, and women's support systems. Findings indicated visitors are subject to an environment of gendered, racist, and classist oppression that varies in degree depending on social heirarchy and status. However, as a manifestation of resilience, women construct coping mechanisms in the form of information and support networks that aid in the dismantling the prevailing culture of scarcity of information and the degradation of free women by prison staff. These marginalized women habitually resist carceral domination through informal interpersonal support systems.     

History Teaching and Character Education

Abstract

John S. Simmons, editor. Censorship: A Threat to Reading, Learning, Thinking. Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association, 1994, 256 pages, $16. Reviewed by Joanne Cutler Sweeney and Stuart Foster.

Judith S. Kleinfeld and Suzanne Yerian, editors. Gender Tales: Tensions in the Schools. New York: St. Martin's Press: 1995, 208 pages, paperbound. Reviewed by Zandra Stino and Edna Brabham.

Sonia Schreiber Weitz. I Promised I Would Tell. Brookline, Mass.: Facing History and Ourselves, 1993, 103 pages. Reviewed by Samuel Totten.     

Service Enriched Housing and the Senior Living Enhancement Program

ABSTRACT

The Senior Living Enhancement Program was an initiative designed to provide selected services to seniors, including nursing and health promotion, social service coordination, and social and recreational opportunities. The seniors were located at 12 high-rise buildings for the elderly. The main goal of the initiative was to improve the health of seniors in 10 areas called the 10-Keys to Healthy Aging. In general, the 10-Keys to Healthy Aging are strategies aimed at reducing preventable risk factors in the aging population. Over a period of 2 years, seniors showed improvements in a majority of the 10-Keys to Healthy Aging and, therefore, proved the health benefits for elders coming from this service-enriched housing initiative.     

正确认识ERP系统中财务管理的功能和地位

能够代表20世纪90年代以来信息技术在企业应用中最新发展的就是ERP,其通过共享的数据流和信息流,成为对企业过程进行集成的综合软件包解决方案,是提升企业竞争力的有效工具.ERP在我国的应用已经从概念的炒作走向普及.但是,由于财务电算化早已深入人心,再加上我国财务软件公司的推波助澜,导致人们普遍对ERP与财务管理关系混淆.本文从ERP产生发展的历史以及ERP具体应用实践的研究中认识ERP与财务管理的关系,呼吁大家正确认识ERP系统中财务管理的功能和地位,以便于我们更好地开展ERP的应用与推广.