转化型抢劫罪的立法重构

现行《中华人民共和国刑法》第269条关于转化型抢劫罪的规定使部分与普通抢劫罪不具同质性的行为也被认定为转化型抢劫罪,具有根本性缺陷。为此,提出对第269条提出重构建议:实施盗窃、诈骗、抢夺行为,在实际占有财物的情况下,为窝藏赃物、抗拒抓捕、毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或暴力威胁的,依照本法第263条的规定定罪处罚。如此重构后,将有益于在转化型抢劫罪的诸多争论问题上形成统一认识。     

外语教学中创新精神与实践能力培养

培养学生创新精神与实践能力是外语教学的一个目标.本文依据外语教学理论和外语人才培养目标,从外语创新精神与实践能力的内涵出发,对学生创新精神与实践能力培养进行了实验探讨,并对实验结果进行了分析.     

Modeling Demand For Unionization With Nontraditional Data Analysis Methods

Upon reviewing the extant literature on determinants of unionism, it becomes clear that many areas that have had a plethora of research attention do not converge upon singularly directional findings. This study explores a potential cause of such an apparent anomaly: nonlinearity of data. An exploratory examination of correlation coefficients among typical union determinant variables seems to show different patterns of relationships at different levels of union demand. Thus, a break from traditional linear data analysis techniques is explored in the interest of explaining more variance with typical, theoretically derived variables by using neural network analysis. Results of analyses on industry level data reveal that using neural network analysis to model union demand explained over four times as much variance as multiple regression analysis.     

Disagreement over the immigration of low-income earners in a welfare state

This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.

Use of Poset Theory with Big Datasets: A New Proposal Applied to the Analysis of Life Satisfaction in Italy

The aim of this work is to propose a tool for measuring a complex concept, and to apply it to big sets of data measured on ordinal and/or dichotomous scales. An important field of application are subjective data, that are often based on opinions or personal evaluations. Many national and international surveys employ this kind of data, measured among thousand of individuals. Thanks to the use of the “average rank” as a synthetic measure of a complex concept, we believe that poset theory could be a very useful approach for dealing with ordinal data avoiding the use of scaling procedures. Because classic poset approaches are at their best when applied to few data at a time, our idea is based on a procedure for sampling units from a big population using a simple criterion to summarize the resulting values appropriately. Applying the central limit theorem enables a comparison of the results obtained from different groups using statistical tests on the means. We used our Height of Groups by Sampling (HOGS) method to compare the average rank among groups that are defined by one or more socio-demographic variables influencing the level of the complex concept we wish to measure. The application of the HOGS procedure to life satisfaction in Italy generated convincing results, revealing significant differences between regions, genders and levels of formal education. We compared the results given by HOGS with the non linear principal component analysis and obtain an easy readable output with convincing precision and accuracy; we are confident that the HOGS procedure can be applied to many other concepts investigated in the social sciences.     

上海地区儿童权利家庭保护影响因素分析

本研究通过对上海地区儿童、家长、儿童教师进行儿童权利家庭保护问卷调查，来探讨当前上海地区儿童权利的家庭保护状况与其影响因素。结果发现：1．总体上，上海地区的家长与儿童对儿童权利受到保护的感知存在一致性，都认为儿童权利受到了较好保护，但在一致的基础上，对具体权利的感知上，儿童与家长还存在着一定的差异性。2．上海地区儿童自我保护意识较高，对《中国未成年人保护法》、自身哪些权利受到保护以及如何保护自身的权利都比较了解。3．儿童自我保护的意识和家长保护儿童权利的意识可能是影响儿童权利保护现状的主要因素。它们显著影响着儿童各个层面权利保护的现状。4．儿童性别、儿童年龄、家庭结构、是否独生子女等客观因素，对儿童与家长对儿童保护权利的感知都存在不同的影响，具有不确定的因素。家长性别、家长文化、经济收入水平仅仅影响家长对儿童权利保护的感知。5．在儿童享有的权利中，参与权受到的保护状况只受儿童性别的影响，保持着相对稳定的状态。儿童与家长对此项权利的衡量标准可能具有一致性。6．家长对孩子在学校教育权的关心只是出于自己是否关心孩子的成绩，而不是家长意识到这是儿童应该享有的权力。在此基础上，本研究提出了相应对策。     

The division problem with voluntary participation

The division problem consists of allocating a given amount of a homogeneous and perfectly divisible good among a group of agents with single-peaked preferences on the set of their potential shares. A rule proposes a vector of shares for each division problem. The literature has implicitly assumed that agents will find acceptable any share they are assigned to. In this article we consider the division problem when agents’ participation is voluntary. Each agent has an idiosyncratic interval of acceptable shares where his preferences are single-peaked. A rule has to propose to each agent either to not participate or an acceptable share because otherwise he would opt out and this would require to reassign some of the remaining agents’ shares. We study a subclass of efficient and consistent rules and characterize extensions of the uniform rule that deal explicitly with agents’ voluntary participation.     

Strategy-proof and anonymous rule in queueing problems: a relationship between equity and efficiency

We consider a relationship between equity and efficiency in queueing problems. We show that under strategy-proofness, anonymity in welfare implies queue-efficiency. Furthermore, by combining the result of Kayı and Ramaekers (Games Econ Behav 68:220–232, 2010) with ours, we also give a characterization of the class of rules that satisfy strategy-proofness, anonymity in welfare, and budget-balance.     

Correlates of perceived effectiveness of the Safe Schools/Healthy Students Initiative

A three-level growth-curve model was applied to estimate perceived impact growth trajectories, using multi-year data from project and school surveys on outcome and program implementation collected from 59 sites and approximately 1165 participating schools in the Safe Schools and Healthy Students Initiative. Primary interest is to determine whether and how project-level and school-level correlates affect schools’ perceptions of the Initiative's effectiveness over time when the effects of the pre-grant environmental conditions, grant operations, and near-term outcomes are considered. Coordination and service integration, comprehensive programs and activities for early childhood development, and change in school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived overall impact when the effect of poverty was considered. Partnership functioning, perceived importance of school resources, and school involvement were found to be significant predictors of school-perceived impact on substance use prevention when the effect of poverty was considered.