Sampling from manifold-restricted distributions using tangent bundle projections

Statistics and Computing - A common problem in Bayesian inference is the sampling of target probability distributions at sufficient resolution and accuracy to estimate the probability density and...     

Sure explained variability and independence screening

In the era of Big Data, extracting the most important exploratory variables available in ultrahigh-dimensional data plays a key role in scientific researches. Existing researches have been mainly focusing on applying the extracted exploratory variables to describe the central tendency of their related response variables. For a response variable, its variability characteristic is as much important as the central tendency in statistical inference. This paper focuses on the variability and proposes a new model-free feature screening approach: sure explained variability and independence screening (SEVIS). The core of SEVIS is to take the advantage of recently proposed asymmetric and nonlinear generalised measures of correlation in the screening. Under some mild conditions, the paper shows that SEVIS not only possesses desired sure screening property and ranking consistency property, but also is a computational convenient variable selection method to deal with ultrahigh-dimensional data sets with more features than observations. The superior performance of SEVIS, compared with existing model-free methods, is illustrated in extensive simulations. A real example in ultrahigh-dimensional variable selection demonstrates that the variables selected by SEVIS better explain not only the response variables, but also the variables selected by other methods.     

内蒙古农村牧区妇女科学素养现状分析

本文在对内蒙古自治区中、东、西部21⁶5岁农村牧区妇女科学素养进行问卷调查的基础上,对农村牧区妇女的个人基本信息、其科学概念和科学常识等的调研数据进行了统计分析。内蒙古农村、牧区妇女的科学文化素养偏低。谋生方式单一,妇女收入是家庭收入的重要来源。对子女教育投入较多,对个人健康重视程度低等。因此,提高内蒙古农村牧区妇女的科学素养,应建立完善的教育体系,加大经济投入,加强科普工作的力度,制订并落实相关的政策、法规。     

Unsold Versus Unbought Commitment: Minimum Total Commitment Contracts with Nonzero Setup Costs

We study a minimum total commitment (MTC) contract embedded in a finite‐horizon periodic‐review inventory system. Under this contract, the buyer commits to purchase a minimum quantity of a single product from the supplier over the entire planning horizon. We consider nonstationary demand and per‐unit cost, discount factor, and nonzero setup cost. Because the formulations used in existing literature are unable to handle our setting, we develop a new formulation based on a state transformation technique using unsold commitment instead of unbought commitment as state variable. We first revisit the zero setup cost case and show that the optimal ordering policy is an unsold‐commitment‐dependent base‐stock policy. We also provide a simpler proof of the optimality of the dual base‐stock policy. We then study the nonzero setup cost case and prove a new result, that the optimal solution is an unsold‐commitment‐dependent (s, S) policy. We further propose two heuristic policies, which numerical tests show to perform very well. We also discuss two extensions to show the generality of our method's effectiveness. Finally, we use our results to examine the effect of different contract terms such as duration, lead time, and commitment on buyer's cost. We also compare total supply chain profits under periodic commitment, MTC, and no commitment.     

试论司法考试和法学研究生教育的关系及其对策

论文主要讨论国家统一司法考试与法学研究生教育之间的辩证统一关系，即两者之间存在的紧张关系和两者在一定程度上的良性互动关系。在此基础上做相应的思考，旨在使更多的法学研究生能在不牺牲科研精力的基础上能通过司法考试或者取得与司法考试相同的资格，保证法学研究生毕业生的质量的同时，能吸纳更多的法学研究生进入法律职业领域，从而在两者之间建立一种新型良性互动关系。     

Orientalism as Cultural Practices and the Production of Sociological Knowledge

Since the 1990s, sociologists and others have increasingly used the term orientalism to refer commonly to ethnocentrism, Eurocentrism, prejudicial stereotyping, and cultural misrepresentations of non-'western' societies, particularly those influenced by Islamic knowledge and practices. I chart how theorist Edward Said has helped initiate the sociology of orientalism by emphasizing the relationship of orientalism as a set of cultural practice and discourse to modern empires and global imperialism. I discuss the prominent clusters of studies published in English in the sociology of orientalism: (i) cultural representations and (ii) cultural regulation and social-identity formation. I argue that these studies have examined the ways orientalisms have deployed signifying practices of abstraction, difference, and desire in constructing problematic images and social relations. Furthermore, I contend that sociology as an intellectual endeavor still needs to confront seriously the issues raised by critics of orientalisms.     

避免"英味译文"的三大途径

翻译是一种跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交流活动.英汉两种语言出自不同的文化与历史,因而英汉民族形成不同的思维方式、思维特征和思维风格.思维差异导致语言差异.在英译汉过程中,译者应转换思维方式,发挥汉语优势,避免"英味译文".途径有转"形合"为"意合";变"静态"为"动态"; 化"被动"为"主动".     

关于生命的哲学思考--重读鲁迅的《过客》

鲁迅在<过客>篇中通过塑造"过客"这一独异的"精神界之战士"形象,郑重审视人与社会、人与他人、人与自我的哲学关系,从而揭示出"向死而在"的哲学意义和"反抗绝望"的精神价值.     

简与繁的对立统一——论《老人与海》的语言运用

《老人与海》在语言运用上独具特色,既刻意求简又刻意求繁,两者既对立又统一。     

中国政府的治理模式:一个“控制权”理论

本文借鉴经济学不完全契约和新产权理论的视角,提出一个中国政府内部权威关系的理论模型,将政府各级部门间的控制权概念化为以下三个维度:目标设定权、检查验收权和激励分配权。诸种控制权在中央政府、中间政府、基层政府间的不同分配方式导致迥然不同的政府治理模式,诱发相应的政府行为。这一理论模型为分析中国政府在不同领域、不同阶段的治理结构、权威关系、行为类型及其变化过程提供一个统一的理论框架,并提出相关的分析概念。本文以环保部门的环境政策实施过程的实证研究来解读这一模型,分析其中的权威关系和各种行为的组织基础。