基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略

基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略,主要是针对我国企业在自由贸易竞争中所遇到的倾销、反倾销、保障措施和反补贴等多重阻击提出的.它要求将定价从一个战术层次上升到一个战略层面,使灵活定价的决策建立在所应拥有的差异化营销优势上;将对市场的有限占有体现在战略展望和战略规划中,以保持企业战略所应具有的动态性、适应性和持续性,从而使定价和市场份额成为企业追求利润和提高核心竞争力的源泉.因此,限制对低价营销策略的运用和约束对低端产品市场份额的过分追求,就构成了基于多重阻击的企业自我保护战略的两大原则.     

北京建设世界城市的战略思考

北京提出建设世界城市的目标,是北京市委市政府对全球范围发展趋势进行分析与判断的结果,是我们国家走向世界前台后首都工作的一个新的奋斗方向,是后奥运时代北京在新的起点上谋求更高层次发展的战略选择。北京建设世界城市是国家战略,必须依赖于中国的加速崛起。必须探索构建具有中国特色和首都特点的城市区域体系新模式,必须加快建设国际政治中心、国际文化中心、国际科技中心、国际金融中心和国际航运中心。     

美国女性高等教育的产生与早期发展

美国女性高等教育从19世纪中期开始发端,打破了男性对高等教育的垄断,为女性教育开辟了新时代。19世纪美国女性高等教育的产生和初步发展,对女性和整个社会都产生了重要的影响,同时具有一些局限性。     

Bayes and Empirical Bayes Inference in Changepoint Problems

ABSTRACT

In the case of the random design nonparametric regression, the double smoothing technique is applied to estimate the multivariate regression function. The proposed estimator has desirable properties in both the finite sample and the asymptotic cases. In the finite sample case, it has bounded conditional (and unconditional) bias and variance. On the other hand, in the asymptotic case, it has the same mean square error as the local linear estimator in Fan (Design-Adaptive Nonparametric Regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1992, 87, 998–1004; Local Linear Regression Smoothers and Their Minimax Efficiencies. Annals of Statistics 1993, 21, 196–216). Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator is better than the local linear estimator, because it has a smaller sample mean integrated square error and gives smoother estimates.     

Unequal returns to social capital: the study of Malays in Singapore through a network lens

Using the concepts of ‘social capital deficit’ and ‘return deficit’, this study considers the social network aspects of social disadvantage among Malays in Singapore, as compared to Singaporean Chinese. Analysing a 2005 representative survey, we find Malays have less social capital than Chinese, a social capital deficit partly explained by their lower educational attainment. We find no return deficit in earnings: that is, every additional unit of social capital increases earnings equally for Chinese and Malays. However, we find return deficits in education: every additional unit of social capital (e.g. ties to educated parents) increases educational attainment more for Chinese than Malays. In all, this study offers a social capital explanation for Malay ‘plight’, complementing the more conventional explanations of human and economic capital.     

A comparative study of the searching efficiencies of a parasite and a hyperparasite

Summary The searching efficiencies of a primary parasite (Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh)) and a hyperparasite (Alloxysta brassicae (Ash.)) were investigated and compared. In both species, at all parasite densities, there was a curvilinear relationship (P<0.001) between the number of hosts parasitised and the host density. A linear regression (loga=logQ−m logP) was fitted for log area of discovery against log parasite density (P<0.001). The area of discovery for its immediate (i.e. primary) host (viz.Diaeretiella for the hyperparasite and aphid forDiaeretiella) is lower in the hyperparasite than in the primary parasite. InDiaeretialla both the searching efficiency and the mutual interference constant increased (but not significantly,P>0.05) in the presence of its males.     

Analytical representation of probabilities under the IAC condition

This paper extends the work of Gehrlein and Fishburn (1976) and Gehrlein (1982) by providing a general theorem relating to the analytical representation of the probability of an event in a given space of profiles. It applies to any event characterized by a set of linear inequalities regardless of whether the coefficients defining the inequalities are integer or fractional coefficients. An algorithm for the probability calculation is also suggested. This suggested methodology is used to provide a complete characterization of the vulnerability properties of the four scoring rules studied in Lepelley and Mbih (1994) to manipulation by coalitions in a 3-alternative n-agent society. Received: 21 October 1997/Accepted 19 November 1998     

文化传播的南北三古道

中华文化如何由南往北传播以及自北向南回流的 ,是一个关涉传统建筑发展渊源的文化问题 ,本文在深入研究基础上提出了南北三古道的观点。     

中韩服装设计文化的形成原因

随着中韩文化交流的深入,其独特的服饰文化,特别是大众文化影响下的青少年服饰,成为中国时尚的一股潮流。韩国服饰风格兼具东西方服饰的优点,受到中国消费者的喜爱。相比之下,中国服装企业的品牌开发和推广还处在刚起步的阶段。两国具有相似的自然环境和文化习俗,但在服装文化与产业发展上形成巨大的差异。本文从传统文化、外来文化方面探讨了两国服装文化形成的成因,分析了韩国服装产业成功的经验,为我们提供了良好的借鉴。     

元诗文献新证

一度曾比较普遍地认为,元代已至近世,诗人与诗的问题,主要是资料收集得是否充分,所依据的版本是否完整。通过《全元诗》的编集,我们的体会是:元诗文献研究,并不只是体现在收集、汇录、整理,也就是说,其研究成果并不只反映出一个数量问题,其研究成果并不只是单纯的保存文献。对文献的辨析考证,是其立足点。正因为缺失了这个环节,使得以往的元诗研究的进展步幅不大。新的元诗研究从文献的辨析考证起步,才拉开了与前人研究的距离。