试论中国文化对芥川龙之介创作的影响

中国一直以自己灿烂的文明影响着历代日本文人.这种影响在近代却变得复杂而微妙.芥川龙之介是日本近代文坛的著名作家,中国对芥川文学的影响颇具代表性.受中国古典文化的熏陶,芥川以古代中国为舞台的作品中饱含了对浪漫中国幻象的向往,面对现代,他保持了一种文化回归的心态;中国访问使芥川心中的文本幻象被丑陋的真实所取代,他在停止了对古代中国叙事的同时产生了了解真实中国的欲望,他依据中国访问的经验写下了一系列具有反战、反侵略意识的作品.     

谈教师劳动与教育效率问题

重视教师劳动 ,提高教育效率是教育事业发展的需要 ,为此 ,一要合理确定教师的工作定额 ;二要扩大办学规模 ,发挥教师潜能 ;三要深化学校人事制度改革 ,合理教师劳动负担     

An Integrated Risk Assessment Model of Township‐Scaled Land Subsidence Based on an Evidential Reasoning Algorithm and Fuzzy Set Theory

Land subsidence risk assessment (LSRA) is a multi‐attribute decision analysis (MADA) problem and is often characterized by both quantitative and qualitative attributes with various types of uncertainty. Therefore, the problem needs to be modeled and analyzed using methods that can handle uncertainty. In this article, we propose an integrated assessment model based on the evidential reasoning (ER) algorithm and fuzzy set theory. The assessment model is structured as a hierarchical framework that regards land subsidence risk as a composite of two key factors: hazard and vulnerability. These factors can be described by a set of basic indicators defined by assessment grades with attributes for transforming both numerical data and subjective judgments into a belief structure. The factor‐level attributes of hazard and vulnerability are combined using the ER algorithm, which is based on the information from a belief structure calculated by the Dempster‐Shafer (D‐S) theory, and a distributed fuzzy belief structure calculated by fuzzy set theory. The results from the combined algorithms yield distributed assessment grade matrices. The application of the model to the Xixi‐Chengnan area, China, illustrates its usefulness and validity for LSRA. The model utilizes a combination of all types of evidence, including all assessment information—quantitative or qualitative, complete or incomplete, and precise or imprecise—to provide assessment grades that define risk assessment on the basis of hazard and vulnerability. The results will enable risk managers to apply different risk prevention measures and mitigation planning based on the calculated risk states.     

State of the Art in Risk Analysis of Workforce Criticality Influencing Disaster Preparedness for Interdependent Systems

The objective of this article is to discuss a needed paradigm shift in disaster risk analysis to emphasize the role of the workforce in managing the recovery of interdependent infrastructure and economic systems. Much of the work that has been done on disaster risk analysis has focused primarily on preparedness and recovery strategies for disrupted infrastructure systems. The reliability of systems such as transportation, electric power, and telecommunications is crucial in sustaining business processes, supply chains, and regional livelihoods, as well as ensuring the availability of vital services in the aftermath of disasters. There has been a growing momentum in recognizing workforce criticality in the aftermath of disasters; nevertheless, significant gaps still remain in modeling, assessing, and managing workforce disruptions and their associated ripple effects to other interdependent systems. The workforce plays a pivotal role in ensuring that a disrupted region continues to function and subsequently recover from the adverse effects of disasters. With this in mind, this article presents a review of recent studies that have underscored the criticality of workforce sectors in formulating synergistic preparedness and recovery policies for interdependent infrastructure and regional economic systems.     

Adolescent Sibling Relationship Quality and Adjustment: Sibling Trustworthiness and Modeling,as Factors Directly and Indirectly Influencing These Associations

The main goal of this study was to examine the direct and moderating effects of trustworthiness and modeling on adolescent siblings' adjustment. Data were collected from 438 families including a mother, a younger sibling in fifth, sixth, or seventh grade (M = 11.6 years), and an older sibling (M = 14.3 years). Respondents completed Web‐based surveys describing sibling conflict and warmth. Siblings reported on trustworthiness and modeling, and mothers described adjustment. Sibling conflict was directly associated with internalizing and externalizing behaviors for both siblings. The older siblings' reports of trustworthiness were directly associated with the outcome measures. The younger siblings' reports of trustworthiness were less directly associated, but a possible salutary effect was most evident under the highest levels of sibling conflict or warmth. Higher sibling modeling was a risk factor for adjustment problems in relations characterized by high conflict. Results support exploring trustworthiness as a key dimension of sibling relations.     

小组工作对学龄初期儿童的介入初探——以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班为个案

学龄初期是指儿童从六七岁到十一、二岁这一时期,这时儿童进入学校,开始以学习为主导的活动。它是儿童心理发展的一个重要时期。作为社会工作专业方法之一的小组工作能帮助学龄初期儿童树立团结互助与分享意识,培养他们团结合作的精神,提高他们独立自主的能力。笔者从小组工作专业视角出发,以湖北省荆州市实验小学XX班作为个案,描述并分析了学龄初期儿童的特征,阐述了小组工作方法对学龄初期儿童介入的可行性,探讨了小组工作方法的介入、评估及个人反思。     

廉洁文化在反腐倡廉中的作用

廉洁文化是战胜腐败现象的强大力量,加强廉洁文化建设有利于营造良好的反腐倡廉氛围。我们要从对腐败界定的认识、对权力地位的曲解、对陈疴陋俗的趋附、对反腐倡廉信心的缺失四个方面认识诱发腐败的文化根源;从廉洁文化所具有的唱响敬廉崇洁主旋律、完善矫歪治邪潜规则、树立扬善弃恶新思维、营造激浊扬清大环境四个方面认识廉洁文化在反腐败中的独特作用。     

非常时期列宁思想体系中的常态性、合理性内容

苏俄非常时期,列宁思想体系中的常态性、合理性内容包括多个方面:一是利用文化遗产的思想,即利用旧社会过来的科技专家的思想,利用旧社会遗留下的管理机构如合作社的思想,学习和借鉴德国的国家资本主义的思想;二是实行适度妥协的思想,即签订布列斯特和约而向德帝国主义妥协的思想,实行土地社会化而向社会革命党妥协的思想,为了巩固工农联盟而向中农妥协的思想.     

操作性党内民主：中国式的民主政治发展道路

操作性党内民主主要是指党员定期选出党的领导人的一种制度安排,通过这样一种制度安排某些党员可以通过争取其他党员的选票而获得党的领导职位。这样一个概念强调的是党内民主的切实可行性。这一实践路径是由中国政治民主化的性质和模式及中国的社会现实所决定的：首先,中国政治民主化的性质在于它是由中国共产党所领导和推动的;其次,中国民主化的模式是一种不同于西方的体制内模式;再次,从中国的社会现实来看,历史上的中国缺乏政治民主传统,就现阶段而言,也没有发育出作为民主政治土壤的公民文化,而且政治发展极不平衡。这些都决定了中国的政治民主化只能先从中国共产党内部开始,走一条从党内到党外、从高层到基层、从精英到大众的渐进模式。操作性党内民主主要应体现为差额选举,以差额选举为主要内容的操作性党内民主符合现代民主政治的原则,是有效整合党内不同政策取向和思想分歧的有效途径,是实现党内民主和中国政治民主化的突破。     

青楼诗词翻译与文化展现

诗词是人们抒情达意的重要载体,历来学者的目光较多关注＂正统＂诗词而很少涉足＂非正统＂的青楼诗词。本文从妓女、歌女、舞女三个方面入手,来探讨代表了诗人词人最真切情感的青楼诗词的翻译方法及技巧,以向译语读者展现青楼诗词中文化的韵味。