论荀子哲学中的“听”

"听"作为荀子哲学中一个重要的概念范畴,有着丰富而深切的含义,与荀子关注的一些核心概念和问题有着密切的关联。荀子认为,当耳与声相遇,同时,"心"发挥作用时,"听"才能真正发生。并非所有的内容都需"听","听"与"不听"的标准在于,其内容是否顺乎礼义,符合广义的"道",能否"合先王"、"及后王"。听的重要性和必要性彰显在"听"的内容,产生的效果,"听"的内涵和外延,以及"听"与乐的关系等方面。要想做到真正的听,应遵循"听"的原则,守持"听"的态度,做到"兼听"与"衡听",并在这一过程中不断克服人"好听"的本性。     

Tables for computing shortest confidence intervals involving the f-distribution

Tables of multipliers necessary for computing the shortest confidence interval in situations involving the F-distribution are presented. Such situations are illustrated with several examples.     

Changing Residence: Comparative Perspectives on its Relationship to Age,Sex, and Marital Status

Change of usual dwelling unit (house, flat, etc.) during a fixed period of time is the common denominator to measuring the amount of spatial mobility within different countries. Around 1980 or 1981, the percentage of population who moved from one dwelling unit to another in one year was over 19 per cent in New Zealand, 17–18 per cent in the United States, Canada, and Australia, 9–10 per cent in Great Britain, Sweden, Japan and France, 7–8 per cent in the Netherlands and Belgium, and 6 per cent in Ireland. Evaluation of ‘age schedules’ of local and non-local movement reveals especially high mobility among U.S. children, and a narrowing of mobility differences for older people between countries, particularly over local distances. Life-table techniques help to quantify the amount of mobility associated with different marital statuses, and bring into focus some of the sequelae of these statuses for men and women in different countries.     

信息瀑布中的动物精神

信息瀑布行为已被研究者逐渐接受并作为经典金融市场理论的有力补充,但现有"一次决策"信息瀑布实验很难刻画这种信念依赖现象;赋予决策者对同一事件一次以上序贯选择机会的多决策信息瀑布实验更符合实际.结果表明:第二次决策阶段信息瀑布发生率显著提高,但决策正确率却有所下降,这为凯恩斯的"动物精神说"提供了实验证据.此外,平衡状态下位于决策序位中部的决策者系统性地背叛了自己的私人信息.     

混凝土拉压杆模型最小拉压杆夹角取值范围研究

混凝土深梁抗剪设计和应力非规则区设计一直是工程界的难题，目前普遍认为拉-压杆模型法是设计混凝土深梁和应力非规则区比较有效的方法之一，已经被多国规范所采纳。虽然各规范都认识到拉、压杆之间的夹角取值对设计和验算结果的影响，并对此做了相应的规定，但都没有明确地将腹板的配筋率，腹板钢筋的屈服强度和混凝土的极限抗压强度等因素联系起来，因此有必要对此做进一步深入的研究。通过控制腹板钢筋屈服先于混凝土压杆的破坏，防止结构发生脆性破坏为条件，推导了拉、压杆之间最小夹角与腹板的配筋率，腹板钢筋的屈服强度和混凝土的极限抗压强度等因素之间的关系表达式，得到了一些有意义的结论。     

关于我国中小学教师继续教育课程现代化的构想

课程现代化是中小学继续教师继续教育改革的核心.从目前的情况来看,我国中小学继续教育课程现代化应包括四个方面的内容,即课程内容的时代化、课程体系的科学化、课程底蕴的人文化、课程结构的多样化.     

Identifying health inequalities between Māori and non‐Māori using mortality tables

Abstract

While there is a need for more detailed information on health inequality to guide public health policy, the most complete and easily available data remain those in mortality tables. We investigate, via a comparative analysis of data from New Zealand on Māori and non‐Māori mortality, whether more detailed information than raw life expectancy may be extracted from the mortality tables. Given a parametric distribution for the mortality capable of fitting irregularities in mortality table data, the curvature of the survival and hazard rates can identify changes in mortality rates, such as infant and late‐life adult mortality, which allows for straightforward comparisons between the two sub‐populations. Our results identify an exogenous effect in earlier mortality among Maori, which correlates well with many published observations of health and health‐care inequalities between Māori and non‐Māori. This “proof of concept” for our method of analysis indicates that examination of bulk data such as those in mortality tables has a potential role in the design of more detailed studies involving causes of mortality.     

Rejoinder

Kaplan–Meier graphs of survival and other timed events are an extremely effective way to summarize outcome data from some types of clinical studies, but information on dates and the interaction among events is lost. A new mode for presenting such data is proposed, an Eventchart, that aids in looking at the study as a whole by simultaneously displaying the timing of 2–3 different types of events, including censoring and time-dependent covariate events. The chart helps to monitor accrual and can be used to “guesstimate” the amount of information resulting from additional enrollment and/or follow-up. Eventcharts are designed to supplement, not replace, quantitative methods of analysis or conventional survival graphs. Data from bone marrow transplantation and AIDS studies are used to illustrate the method. Terminology is suggested for describing the concepts and distinguishing among the complex of events studied in modern clinical trials, including timed events, loss and date censoring, and time-braided events.     

翻译批评中的读者认可度

我国的翻译批评的发展在理论上取得了很大的进步,但在翻译批评实践环节却遇到了很多麻烦.很多翻译评论并没有把读者感受考虑在内,这就大大忽视了读者认可度在翻译批评中的作用,不利于翻译实践的健康发展.     

城市农民工生存状况探析——以青岛市为例

为具体了解青岛市农民工的生存状况,选取该市5个区的800位农民工进行了抽样调查,考察了他们的基本情况、工作情况和工作条件、参与社会保障及对相关法规的认知情况、业余生活和信息获取渠道以及工资收入情况.调查结果表明:农民工对相应法律法规了解过少;工作时间过长且不稳定;业余生活贫乏、单调,娱乐项目缺乏;工资随着年龄的增长有先升后降的趋势.