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31.
Mixture model-based clustering is widely used in many applications. In certain real-time applications the rapid increase of
data size with time makes classical clustering algorithms too slow. An online clustering algorithm based on mixture models
is presented in the context of a real-time flaw-diagnosis application for pressurized containers which uses data from acoustic
emission signals. The proposed algorithm is a stochastic gradient algorithm derived from the classification version of the
EM algorithm (CEM). It provides a model-based generalization of the well-known online k-means algorithm, able to handle non-spherical
clusters. Using synthetic and real data sets, the proposed algorithm is compared with the batch CEM algorithm and the online
EM algorithm. The three approaches generate comparable solutions in terms of the resulting partition when clusters are relatively
well separated, but online algorithms become faster as the size of the available observations increases. 相似文献
32.
Clémence Sophie Rigaux Ancelet Frédéric Carlin Christophe Nguyen‐thé Isabelle Albert 《Risk analysis》2013,33(5):877-892
The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation approach is traditionally used in food safety risk assessment to study quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models. When experimental data are available, performing Bayesian inference is a good alternative approach that allows backward calculation in a stochastic QMRA model to update the experts’ knowledge about the microbial dynamics of a given food‐borne pathogen. In this article, we propose a complex example where Bayesian inference is applied to a high‐dimensional second‐order QMRA model. The case study is a farm‐to‐fork QMRA model considering genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus in a cooked, pasteurized, and chilled courgette purée. Experimental data are Bacillus cereus concentrations measured in packages of courgette purées stored at different time‐temperature profiles after pasteurization. To perform a Bayesian inference, we first built an augmented Bayesian network by linking a second‐order QMRA model to the available contamination data. We then ran a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to update all the unknown concentrations and unknown quantities of the augmented model. About 25% of the prior beliefs are strongly updated, leading to a reduction in uncertainty. Some updates interestingly question the QMRA model. 相似文献
33.
In this study, a variance‐based global sensitivity analysis method was first applied to a contamination assessment model of Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked vacuum packed salmon at consumption. The impact of the choice of the modeling approach (populational or cellular) of the primary and secondary models as well as the effect of their associated input factors on the final contamination level was investigated. Results provided a subset of important factors, including the food water activity, its storage temperature, and duration in the domestic refrigerator. A refined sensitivity analysis was then performed to rank the important factors, tested over narrower ranges of variation corresponding to their current distributions, using three techniques: ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient, and partial least squares regression. Finally, the refined sensitivity analysis was used to rank the important factors. 相似文献
34.
Christophe Bn 《Development policy review : the journal of the Overseas Development Institute》2005,23(5):585-614
This article revisits through a policy analysis the ongoing debate on shrimp farming aquaculture. It describes the changes in policy orientations that have taken place in recent years, and tries to relate them to the advocacy strategies developed by different networks and policy communities. The analysis reveals in particular the crucial contribution of the ‘power of expertise’ and shows how it has been instrumentalised by certain advocacy networks to depoliticise the debate. While this has allowed a number of key stakeholders to refocus the debate on technical solutions, it has prevented other groups concerned with more intractable social and political issues from engaging successfully in the policy process, thus leaving the long‐term sustainability of aquaculture still a contentious issue. 相似文献
35.
Impact of selection bias on the evaluation of clusters of chemical compounds in the drug discovery process
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Ariel Alonso Elasma Milanzi Geert Molenberghs Christophe Buyck Luc Bijnens 《Pharmaceutical statistics》2015,14(2):129-138
Expert opinion plays an important role when selecting promising clusters of chemical compounds in the drug discovery process. Indeed, experts can qualitatively assess the potential of each cluster, and with appropriate statistical methods, these qualitative assessments can be quantified into a success probability for each of them. However, one crucial element often overlooked is the procedure by which the clusters are assigned to/selected by the experts for evaluation. In the present work, the impact such a procedure may have on the statistical analysis and the entire evaluation process is studied. It has been shown that some implementations of the selection procedure may seriously compromise the validity of the evaluation even when the rating and selection processes are independent. Consequently, the fully random allocation of the clusters to the experts is strongly advocated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
36.
To successfully understand spoken language, listeners need to determine how words within sentences relate to one another. Although the ability to compute relationships between word categories is known to develop early in life, little research has been conducted on infants' early sensitivity to subcategorical dependencies, such as those evoked by grammatical gender (where the article form is dictated by the noun's gender). This study therefore examines whether French‐learning 18‐month‐olds track such relationships. Using the Visual Fixation Procedure, infants were presented with article–noun sequences in which the gender‐marked article either matched (e.g., laFEM poussetteFEM “the stroller”) or mismatched (e.g., leMASC poussetteFEM) the gender of the noun. A clear preference for correct over incorrect co‐occurrences was observed, suggesting that by 18 months of age, children's storage and access of words is sufficiently sophisticated to include the means to track subcategorical dependencies. This early sensitivity to gender information may be greatly beneficial for constraining lexical access during online language processing. 相似文献
37.
Christophe Croux Gentiane Haesbroeck Kristel Joossens 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2008,36(1):157-174
Logistic regression is frequently used for classifying observations into two groups. Unfortunately there are often outlying observations in a data set and these might affect the estimated model and the associated classification error rate. In this paper, the authors study the effect of observations in the training sample on the error rate by deriving influence functions. They obtain a general expression for the influence function of the error rate, and they compute it for the maximum likelihood estimator as well as for several robust logistic discrimination procedures. Besides being of interest in their own right, the influence functions are also used to derive asymptotic classification efficiencies of different logistic discrimination rules. The authors also show how influential points can be detected by means of a diagnostic plot based on the values of the influence function 相似文献
38.
Tae-Hwan Kim Christophe Muller 《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2017,87(11):2161-2174
In this paper, we propose a robust test of exogeneity. The test statistics is constructed from quantile regression estimators, which are robust to heavy tails of errors. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis of exogeneity at a given quantile. The finite sample properties of the test are investigated through Monte Carlo simulations that exhibit not only good size and power properties, but also good robustness to outliers. 相似文献
39.
Christophe Dutang 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2017,46(8):3801-3828
Moments have been traditionally used to characterize a probability distribution. Recently, linear moments (L-moments) and trimmed L-moments (TL-moments) are appealing alternatives to the conventional moments. This paper focuses on the computation of theoretical L-moments and TL-moments and emphasizes the use of combinatorial identities. We are able to derive new closed-form formulas of L-moments and TL-moments for continuous probability distributions. Finally, closed-form formulas for the L-moments for the exponential distribution and the uniform distribution are also obtained. 相似文献
40.
Theory and Decision - On page 599 in the original publication of the article. 相似文献