试论「～と会う」和「～に会う」的用法和区别

在学习和运用日语过程中 ,格助词是比较难以准确掌握和运用的 ,人们往往习惯从格助词本身去分析其语法功能。从动词词义决定其格助词在句子中的构式的角度看 ,格助词 [と ]表示行为动作的共同主体 ,格助词[に ]表示行为动作的承受者。进一步说 [～と会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是双方共同的行为动作。[～に会う ]所表达的这一 [会う ]的行为动作是单方面的行为动作 ,另一方是这一行为动作的承受者     

高速SDRAM控制器设计的FPGA实现

同步动态存储器(SDRAM)控制器通常用有限状态机实现,对于一般的设计方法,由于状态数量多,状态转换通常伴随大的组合逻辑而影响运行速度,因此,SDRAM控制器的速度限制了SDRAM存储器的访问速度。该文从结构优化入手来优化方法,利用状态机分解的思想将大型SDRAM控制状态机用若干小的子状态机实现,达到简化逻辑的目的,不仅提高了速度还节省了资源,对该类大型SDRAM控制器的实现有一定参考意义。     

Assimilation as multiracialism: The case of Singapore's Malays

The myths of meritocracy and multiracialism ‘explain’ between them both the ‘fairness’ of the Singapore system and the subordinate role of the non-Chinese minority races. They also purport to assure the minorities that they enjoy full status as members of the nation-building project and that their cultural and religious mores are embraced and protected within its framework. Using the Malay minority as its case study, and arguing from archival, oral, official government and secondary sources, this paper argues that the Singapore systems of meritocracy and multiracialism have not been concerned primarily with intercommunal tolerance since the 1970s, but are now programmes of assimilation of the racial minorities into a Chinese-dominated society.     

论信用证交易风险

信用证交易被视为国际商业的生命线。它牵涉到复杂的法律关系。受益方如何在交易中做到单证相符,规避欺诈及其它风险,是问题的关键。     

马克思生产劳动理论与SNA生产理论的比较研究

认为马克思关于生产劳动的内涵和外延的界定是随着生产目的和生产关系的变化而变化的 ,是分三个层次展开的 ,由此产生了不同外延的生产劳动概念。SNA的生产理论是确定 GDP生产范围的理论基础 ,它对生产活动的界定相当于马克思第一层次中的生产劳动 ,由此确定的GDP生产范围是非常广的     

大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则

通过对认知学习理论及建构主义学习理论的分析 ,指出在教育软件的开发过程中 ,开发者应加强对教学理论和教学规律的研究 ;依据建构主义学习理论提出大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则 :即以学生为中心 ,强调“情境”、“协作学习”、“学习环境”及英语教学模式的设计 ,从而使语言学习、文化与文学更紧密地结合到一起 ,使学习者更好地学习和掌握英语     

论《西厢记》的插图版画

《西厢记》插图版画是中国古代戏曲版画的缩影。它的发展经历了万历前、万历至明末、顺治至乾隆、嘉庆以后四个时期。其特点表现为 :流派纷呈风格各异、画家与刻工的联袂等。《西厢记》版画的流传在当时具有重要的传播价值和舞台演出的借鉴与指导价值。今天它已成为一门独立的艺术 ,具有重要的艺术审美价值。     

科幻小说的科技创新功能

科幻小说具有科学基因与文学基因的双重属性,这种双重属性从根基上决定了科幻小说与科技创新有着不解的情结,从科技探索的动力层面和科技成果的孕育层面论述了科幻小说的创新价值,以期引起人们对文学科学价值的关注。     

Goal Ambiguity and Organizational Performance in U.S. Federal Agencies

In spite of numerous observations that government organizationshave high levels of organizational goal ambiguity that exertmajor influences on their other characteristics, few researchershave measured goal ambiguity and tested these frequent assertions.In previous research, we developed measures of four dimensionsof goal ambiguity: mission comprehension ambiguity, directivegoal ambiguity, evaluative goal ambiguity, and priority goalambiguity. Confirming hypotheses developed from the literatureon public organizations, the latter three variables showed relationsto such organizational characteristics as organizational age,financial publicness (proportion of funding from governmentallocations), and regulatory status. This article reports asecond analytical step of examining the relations between thegoal ambiguity dimensions and indicators of organizational performancebased on responses to the 2000 National Partnership for ReinventingGovernment Survey of federal employees. The performance variablesincluded managerial effectiveness, customer service orientation,productivity, and work quality. Regression analyses with numerouscontrol variables found that directive, evaluative, and prioritygoal ambiguity related negatively to managerial effectiveness.All four performance indicators showed significant negativerelationships with evaluative goal ambiguity and directive goalambiguity. The results provide further evidence of the viabilityof the new measures of goal ambiguity, support theory-basedbut previously untested hypotheses, and further indicate thefeasibility and value of analyzing goal ambiguity of governmentorganizations.     

稻作起源的考古学探索

根据农业起源理论与考古学实例分析,长江下游的水稻栽培发生在野生资源非常丰富的自然环境里,其驯化机制并非饥馑和用于果腹,很可能是为了增加美食的酿酒。稻作农业在良渚阶段成为主要经济形态与复杂社会强化剩余产品生产密切相关,良渚酋邦解体后的马桥文化又退回到了狩猎采集经济。农业经济最终成为不可逆转的发展趋势,是野生资源持续减少、人口增长和社会复杂化等因素共同作用的结果。文章呼吁,中国的农业起源研究要摆脱一味寻找最早栽培谷粒来确定农业起源时间和地点的模式,从人地关系的互动来了解农业起源的潜因和具体进程。