The Planned Happenstance Career Inventory: A Cross‐Cultural Comparison

This study examined the measurement invariance and latent mean difference of an English version (J. H. Lee et al., 2017) of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI; B. Kim, Jung, et al., 2014) across cultures. Participants were 262 American and 291 South Korean undergraduates. Measurement invariance results indicated that the 5‐factor structure was adequate for both groups and that conditions for configural, metric, and partial intercept invariance were met. Latent mean analysis was used to compare the mean scores of the PHCI skills (curiosity, flexibility, persistence, optimism, and risk taking). The latent means of curiosity, flexibility, persistence, and optimism were higher among South Korean undergraduates, but no significant difference was found regarding risk taking. Career counselors should consider differences in planned happenstance perceptions across cultures to provide better career guidance. Future studies are needed to verify the distinctive nature of flexibility by replicating the factor structure of the PHCI with other samples.     

辛亥革命研究的整体性问题

辛亥革命爆发迄今已整整百年。这场举世瞩目的革命虽然离我们已愈来愈遥远,但其重要意义与历史地位却并未因此而被忽略。百年以来,辛亥革命对中国近现代历史进程的重要意义,乃至在亚洲及世界范围内所产生的重大影响,一直受到广泛的关注。海内外学界对辛亥革命的研究也可谓硕果累累。在百年纪念到来之际,需要我们思考的是:辛亥革命史研究如何更加走向深入,怎样更进一步挖掘辛亥革命的历史价值与现实意义?为此,也需要学者们以百年之眼光对辛亥革命重新加以审视,从而实现辛亥革命史研究的百年超越。这一组笔谈,分别从不同的角度对如何扩展与深化辛亥革命史研究,提出了一系列新的认识与学术见解,多有启迪意义,对于促进辛亥革命史研究向纵深发展将会起到积极的作用。     

高校校园文化德育功能的弱化及提升策略

高校校园文化建设是高校德育工作的有效载体和重要途径。如何发挥校园文化物质环境、制度约束与激励及精神文化的德育功能,提升德育实效,既是当前高校可持续发展的必然要求,也是高校人才培养工作的迫切需要。但近年来,由于受市场经济下多元文化负面作用及灌输式教育忽视学生主体性因素的影响,校园文化的德育功能明显弱化。必须营造优美的校园物质文化,完善合理的校园制度文化,培育高尚的校园精神文化,提升校园文化的德育功能。     

华洋变形的不同世界——栏目解说

世界、国际、全球这样的概念,今日几乎成了从官方到民间的口头禅,国人大都耳熟能详。可是,如果真的放到世界和国际的范围内考察,则不难发现,中国人许多习以为常的概念用法,与各国有别,于情理不合,于实事有异。例如世界史的划分,放眼世界各国,或者根本没有所谓的世界史,只有欧洲     

政治发展中的政治生态问题

政治发展实际上是一种历史进程,是一个伴随着社会不断发展而同时得以推进的进程。无论是通过主观规划与设计所推动的一国政治发展,还是受到外部因素的影响而导致的政治发展,之所以形成种种差异或采取了不同的政治发展模式,主要在于其生存的生态环境不同。自然地理条件、物质生产方式与水平、社会传统、文化习俗、民族构成等,这些都是政治的生态环境因素,直接或间接地对政治的形成、变化、发展产生影响;同时,政治一旦形成,一旦通过其特有的力量作用于社会乃至作用于自然,也在直接或间接地影响、改变着其赖以生存的生态环境。所以,一方面,基于特定的国情基础来构建一国的政治体制,是政治发展必须遵循的一个基本规律;另一方面,合理借鉴人类政治文明的优秀成果来促进一国的政治发展,也是需要遵循的基本原理。从宏观的角度来看,人类能够互相学习、互相借鉴的那些共通的、普遍的政治文明成果主要包括:属于政治原则方面的,如"人民主权"原则以及基于这个原则的一些价值和理念;属于政治精神方面的,如国家治理中的"法治精神";属于政治技术方面的,如不同国家在全球化进程中面临共同问题的解决手段。当然,正确区分政治发展中的合理借鉴与向别国输出政治价值和制度这两者之间的原则性差别,在当代国际政治领域也是非常必要的。     

Toward a Composite Measure of Green Consumption: An Exploratory Study Using a Korean Sample

This study developed a composite measure of green consumption behaviors, incorporating multiple dimensions of green consumption behaviors. As a result of an extensive literature review, four value orientations were proposed: health-related egoistic value orientation, resource-related egoistic value orientation, altruistic value orientation, and biospheric value orientation. And a composite measure of green consumption which measured green consumption behavior manifesting the suggested value orientations were proposed and empirically tested using a Korean sample. After empirical testing and validating the proposed composite measure according to the measurement validation procedure proposed by Nunnally (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978), the composite measure of green consumption behaviors was revised to three dimensions of green consumption behaviors: health-conscious green consumption behavior, resource-conscious green consumption behavior, and socially conscious green consumption behavior that combined originally suggested altruistic and biospheric value orientations. A multivariate regression analysis was employed to test the usability of the composite measure of green consumption behaviors and to identify the determinants of green consumption behaviors. As hypothesized, the results of regression analysis showed that perceived consumer effectiveness, reference persons, and perceived market situation are significant determinants of green consumption behaviors, and the effects of environmental concern and socioeconomics are limited. Based on these findings, public policy and marketing implications that promote green consumption are also proposed.     

Gender and Disability in Male‐Dominated Occupations: A Social Relational Model

Evidence from male‐dominated sectors points to high levels of disability and the disabling nature of working environments. However, research of this nature assumes a medical model of disability that does not account for the social construction of disability or the lived experiences of disabled employees. Using data from seven focus groups (n = 44) and semi‐structured interviews with professional transport employees with life‐long hidden ‘impairments’, including dyslexia, dyscalculia, dyspraxia, ADD/ADHD and Asperger syndrome (n = 22), this paper explores the lived experiences of men and women working in a sector traditionally dominated by men, the transport industry. Key themes include homosociality, public–private divide and the impact of changing work practices. Further, the data revealed how those with hidden ‘impairments’ in part construct their identities in relation to both non‐disabled colleagues and those considered stereotypically representing disability (wheelchair users). This study furthers understandings of the relationality of gender and disability in the workplace, and the lived experiences of disabled employees.     

A Moderated Mediation Model of Planned Happenstance Skills,Career Engagement,Career Decision Self‐Efficacy,and Career Decision Certainty

This study examined how college students’ levels of planned happenstance skills influenced the relationships among career engagement, career decision self‐efficacy, and career decision certainty. Moderated mediation analysis was used with a sample of 217 Korean undergraduate students. The results indicated that career decision self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between career engagement and career decision certainty. Moreover, the positive indirect effect of career engagement on career decision through career decision self‐efficacy was strengthened as the level of planned happenstance skills increased. In conclusion, college students’ career engagement strengthens their career decision certainty via career decision self‐efficacy when they have enough planned happenstance skills to discover unexpected career opportunities.     

Construction and Initial Validation of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory

This study was conducted to develop and initially evaluate the psychometric properties of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI), which aims to assess skill in using chance events to develop career opportunities. After item generation and exploratory factor analysis, 130 original items were reduced to 25 items across 5 factors (5 items for each corresponding factor). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of this 5‐factor structure, and the goodness of fit showed an adequate fit to the observed data for both women and men. Results showed that PHCI subscales correlated moderately and in expected directions with career preparation, career decision‐making self‐efficacy, and career stress. These findings suggest that the PHCI, which assesses 5 dimensions of career‐related planned happenstance skill, shows promise as a useful tool for facilitating understanding of the influence of chance events on career choice behavior.     

试论马克思恩格斯的环境理论对德国古典哲学的批判和继承

马克思恩格斯在对黑格尔“自然界是‘绝对精神’自我异化的产物”思想和费尔巴哈“人同自然界的联系仅仅是纯粹的‘自然关系＇”思想的批判与继承基础上,根据当时的实际情况,阐发了人与自然环境双面依赖和双重构建的对立统一关系的思路,形成其环境理论。