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231.
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233.
This article tests hypotheses derived from status-generalization theory and communication-accommodation theory that behaviors
resulting from status inequalities emerge when attractiveness differentiates dyads. Relying on unobtrusive acoustic analysis
of 24 women's voices, we test the extent to which (1) women adjust nonverbal behavior to one another; (2) more attractive
women exert more influence than less attractive partners; and (3) the effects of attractiveness on influence are stronger
if a greater relative difference exists between partners. Findings suggest that if two interacting women are similarly attractive,
then they compete dynamically for status, which informs recent developments in the expectation-states research program.
An earlier version of the paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Washington,
DC in August 2000. 相似文献
234.
Combining New Institutionalisms: Explaining Institutional Change in American Property Insurance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article combines institutionalisms to explain fundamental change in American property insurance. During the 1950s, the industry shifted from associations to price-competitive markets and vertically integrated firms. I advance two new arguments to explain this shift: First, institutions endogenously generate conditions for change. Second, fundamental change or institutional replacement depends on a dynamic convergence of conditions—market failures, legitimacy crises, new models of order—and the culmination of this dynamic in politics and policies that admit alternatives into fields. Together, these arguments reduce indeterminacies in existing theories of change and shed new light on punctuated equilibria and the politics of transformation. 相似文献
235.
Ladouceur R Sévigny S 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(2):117-131
Two studies investigated the effects of a video lottery terminal stopping device on gamblers thoughts and behavior. This structural characteristic allows players to voluntarily stop the spinning of the reels. The first study investigated the effect of this device on the development of illusions of control. It was predicted that players using the stopping device would believe that (1) symbols displayed could differ depending on when the game is stopped, (2) there is a possibility of controlling the outcome of the game, (3) skills may be a factor influencing the results, and finally (4) a stopping device would improve the probability of personal success (i.e., developing the illusion of control). The second study aimed to further evaluate the effects of the stopping device on gambling behavior. It was hypothesised that using the stopping device would encourage players to increase the number of games played in a session. Results confirmed all predictions and showed that offering a stopping device on video lottery terminals modifies gamblers cognition and behavior. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed in the context of responsible gambling policies. 相似文献
236.
Stinchfield R Kushner MG Winters KC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(3):273-297
Recent research has made it clear that problematic gambling is often accompanied by problematic alcohol use. Unfortunately, little is known about the nature of this association, especially as it relates to gambling treatment outcome. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of current alcohol use level and previous substance abuse treatment on the symptoms of a large cohort of pathological gamblers as well as on their response to treatment for pathological gambling. The sample included 464 men and 301 women recruited at six gambling treatment programs in Minnesota. Gambling treatment patients were assessed on a number of gambling problem severity and related clinical variables using the Gambling Treatment Outcome Monitoring System (GAMTOMS). Patients with frequent alcohol use had greater gambling involvement at baseline than infrequent alcohol users. Patients with a previous history of substance abuse treatment had more severe psychosocial problems, ostensibly resulting from their gambling behavior, than patients without past substance abuse treatment. A MANOVA with repeated measures showed that neither pretreatment alcohol use, nor past substance abuse treatment exerted significant effects on gambling treatment outcome. While the level of pretreatment alcohol use and a history of substance abuse treatment are markers for greater gambling problem severity, treatment outcome for pathological gambling was not adversely impacted by these variables. 相似文献
237.
Ladouceur R 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(1):49-57
Despite its high prevalence, pathological gambling often remains untreated. It is estimated that only 10% of the pathological gamblers identified in prevalence studies will enter treatment. Within this small proportion, a high percentage will drop out. Despite the facts that some researchers argue against abstinence as the unique treatment goal and that regaining control appears to be possible for some pathological gamblers, abstinence has been the only treatment goal in most problem gambling interventions thus far. This paper examines the avenue of controlled gambling embedded in a harm reduction context as a viable solution for some pathological gamblers. 相似文献
238.
Wulfert E Hartley J Lee M Wang N Franco C Sodano R 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):521-536
Gambling screening tools such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) developed
by the National Opinion Research Council have psychometrically validated lifetime and past-year versions. As research questions
often dictate shorter time intervals, researchers have adapted the time frames of these instruments to their specific purposes
without examining whether changing the time frame affects the psychometric properties. In this study, 3-month versions of
SOGS and NODS were administered to a sample of 80 pathological gamblers (59 men, 21 women, mean age 44) seeking treatment
at a state-funded facility. The 3-months versions had good internal consistency, good convergent validity with each other,
with gambling behaviors assessed via the timeline followback method, and with measures of impulsivity. The 3-month versions
also showed good discriminant validity with demographic variables and a measure of verbal IQ. Together the data indicate that
shortening the time frame to 3 months does not seem to have adverse effects on the psychometric properties of SOGS and NODS.
Thus these adapted versions could profitably be used for shorter time intervals, including as pre/post-treatment and follow-up
measures in treatment outcome studies. 相似文献
239.
Abbott MW McKenna BG 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):559-581
Ninety-four recently sentenced women prisoners were interviewed to assess aspects of their gambling involvement, problem gambling
and relationships between gambling and criminal offending. A third of the women, on the basis of their SOGS-R scores, were
assessed as lifetime probable pathological gamblers and just under a quarter were assessed as probable pathological gamblers
during the 6 months prior to imprisonment. For women prisoners, a preference for non-casino gaming machines and housie were
predictive of problem gambling. Relative to non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers experienced higher rates of childhood conduct
disorder and current non-psychotic mental disorder. Just over a quarter of prisoners and a half of the problem gamblers had
committed a crime to obtain money to gamble. Few women said their early offending or convictions related to gambling. It was
concluded that most women were “criminals first and problem gamblers second” rather than people whose offending careers commenced
as a consequence of problem gambling. However, the extent of problem gambling-related offending among the women prisoners
highlights the potential for comprehensive assessment and treatment programs in prison to reduce recidivism and other adverse
impacts of problem gambling and gambling-related offending. 相似文献
240.
Petry NM 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(1):27-33
Numerous types of treatments for pathological gambling have been described, but two of the most common are Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and cognitive-behavioral therapy. This paper describes some outcome data associated with the two approaches. It also reviews evidence suggesting that a combined intervention may enhance therapy engagement and reduce relapse rates. 相似文献